LexiTopic: People: Engagement and Interaction

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The LexiConnexxions analysis has identified these words related to PEOPLE: ENGAGEMENT AND INTERACTION in the Spelling Bee lexicon.
The complete list of words on this topic is shown at right (on laptop or desktop) or at the end of the page (on mobile); the complete topical analysis is given below.
Bee words marked with an asterisk have been used in at least one Spelling Bee puzzle, then subsequently disallowed; they are retained here for historical interest.
Taxonomy for Spelling Bee words related to PEOPLE: ENGAGEMENT AND INTERACTION
SUBJECT HEADINGS IN THIS LEXITOPIC: Acclamation, Honor, ApplauseAdvice and CounselCollaboration and CooperationCondemnation and CensureCourtesy and CordialityDiscourtesy and RudenessDishonesty and Deceit not fraudDisobedienceHelping, Supporting, Encouraging general; not materialHindering, Preventing, DiscouragingHonesty and Truthfulness Kindness and Compassion general actionsLeaders and LeadershipMeetings and Assemblies not legislaturesOrders and ObediencePermissions and ProhibitionsPledges, Promises, Obligations dutySocieties and Social Behavior behaviors, not social eventsUnkindness and Cruelty general actions, but not physical
NOTES ABOUT THE TAXONOMY FOR PEOPLE: ENGAGEMENT AND INTERACTION SCOPE NOTE: This LexiTopic compiles and defines Bee words related to how people interact and engage with each other, including in social settings. Words related to formation and affiliation of groups of people in general are in PEOPLE: INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS. Words that are epithets are in PEOPLE: CHARACTER AND APPEARANCE. Words related to verbal interactions are in SPEECH AND VERBAL EXPRESSION. Words related to physical harms (kicking, beating, biting, brawling, etc.) are in PEOPLE: MOVEMENTS AND MOTIONS. Words related to exclusively online behavior and interactions are in INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES. Words related to legislatures and their meetings are in GOVERNMENT, CIVICS, AND POLITICS. Words related to business people and their relationships are in BUSINESS AND COMMERCE. Words related to various lines of work and occupations are in OCCUPATIONS. Words related to occupations in specific fields (e.g., agriculture) are also indexed in the major LexiTopic on that subject (e.g., AGRICULTURE AND FARM LIFE).
Topical arrangement of Spelling Bee words related to PEOPLE: ENGAGEMENT AND INTERACTION
Acclamation, Honor, Applause
ACCLAIM: to applaud, praise; to shout praise or applause ACCOLADE: a mark of acknowledgment: award; an expression of praiseADULATE: to demonstrate extreme or excessive admiration or flatteryADULATED: to demonstrate extreme or excessive admiration or flatteryAPPLAUD: to express approval especially by clapping the handsAWARD: to confer or bestow as being deserved or merited or needed; also, something that is conferred or bestowed especially on the basis of merit or needAWARDING: to confer or bestow as being deserved or merited or needed; also, something that is conferred or bestowed especially on the basis of merit or needBELT: a strip of flexible material worn especially around the waist as a symbol of distinction (the championship belt)BRAVA: bravo: used interjectionally in applauding a womanBRAVO: a shout of approval —often used interjectionally in applauding a performanceCANONIZATION: to treat as illustrious, preeminent, or sacredCITABLE: to refer to, especially: to mention formally in commendation or praise; to name in a citation; to bring forward or call to another's attention especially as an example, proof, or precedentCITATION: a mention, such as a formal statement of the achievements of a person receiving an academic honor; also, specific reference in a military dispatch to meritorious performance of dutyCITE: to refer to, especially: to mention formally in commendation or praise; to name in a citation; to bring forward or call to another's attention especially as an example, proof, or precedentCITED: to refer to, especially: to mention formally in commendation or praise; to name in a citation; to bring forward or call to another's attention especially as an example, proof, or precedentCITING: to refer to, especially: to mention formally in commendation or praise; to name in a citation; to bring forward or call to another's attention especially as an example, proof, or precedentCLAP: to strike (the hands) together repeatedly usually in applause; to applaud; also, the sound of clapping hands especially: applauseDIGNIFIED: to confer dignity upon; to give distinction to: to ennobleDIGNIFY: to confer dignity upon; to give distinction to: to ennobleDIGNIFYING: to confer dignity upon; to give distinction to: to ennobleDOGPILE: a mass of people who have piled on top of one another (as in celebrating a sports victory or while fighting); also, to form a dogpile around someone especially as part of a fight or celebrationDOGPILED: a mass of people who have piled on top of one another (as in celebrating a sports victory or while fighting); also, to form a dogpile around someone especially as part of a fight or celebrationECLAT: M-W has éclat: praise, applauseEXALT: to elevate by praise or in estimation: to glorify; also, to induce exaltation EXALTED: to elevate by praise or in estimation: to glorify; also, to induce exaltation; also, elevated in rank, power, or character: lofty; held in high estimation: glorified or praised; raised high: elevatedEXALTEDLY: elevated in rank, power, or character: lofty; held in high estimation: glorified or praised; raised high: elevatedEXTOL: to praise highly: to glorifyEXTOLMENT: to praise highly: to glorifyFABLED: renowned, famousFAME: public estimation: reputation; popular acclaim: renown; also, to make famousFAVOR: popularity (the fad lost favor quickly)FETE: or fête, to honor or commemorate with a fete; to pay high honor toFETED: or fête, to honor or commemorate with a fete; to pay high honor toFETING: or fête, to honor or commemorate with a fete; to pay high honor toGAVE: to offer as appropriate or due especially to something higher or more worthy (gave his spirit to God)GIVE: to offer as appropriate or due especially to something higher or more worthy (gave his spirit to God)GIVEN: to offer as appropriate or due especially to something higher or more worthy (gave his spirit to God)GIVING: to offer as appropriate or due especially to something higher or more worthy (gave his spirit to God)GOLDEN: highly favored: popularGRACING: conferring dignity or honor onHAIL: an exclamation of greeting or acclamation, or to greet with enthusiastic approval: to acclaimHAILED: an exclamation of greeting or acclamation, or to greet with enthusiastic approval: to acclaimHAILING: an exclamation of greeting or acclamation, or to greet with enthusiastic approval: to acclaimHALO: the aura of glory, veneration, or sentiment surrounding an idealized person or thingHAND: a round of applause (Let's give them a big hand.)HANDCLAP: a clap of the hands in indication of approval or praiseHOMAGE: expression of high regard: respect; also, something that shows respect or attests to the worth or influence of another: a tributeHONOR: good name or public esteem: reputation; a showing of usually merited respect: recognition; to regard or treat (someone) with admiration and respect: to regard or treat with honor; to give special recognition to: to confer honor onHUZZAH: an expression or shout of acclaim —often used interjectionally to express joy or approbationKNOWN: generally recognized (a known authority on art)LAUD: praise, acclaim; also, to praise, to extolLAUDABLY: worthy of praise: commendableLAUDED: to praise, to extolLIONIZATION: to treat [someone] as an object of great interest or importanceLIONIZING: to treat as an object of great interest or importanceMEDAL: a piece of metal often resembling a coin and having a stamped design that is issued to commemorate a person or event or awarded for excellence or achievement; also, to win a medal [in a competition]MEDALED: a piece of metal often resembling a coin and having a stamped design that is issued to commemorate a person or event or awarded for excellence or achievement; also, to win a medal [in a competition]MENTION: a formal citation for outstanding achievement; also, to cite for outstanding achievementMENTIONING: a formal citation for outstanding achievement; also, to cite for outstanding achievementMONUMENT: a distinguished person; also, a lasting evidence, reminder, or example of someone or something notable or great; also, a memorial stone or a building erected in remembrance of a person or event; also, a written tributeNIMBI: plural of nimbus: a cloud or atmosphere (as of romance) about a person or thingNOBLE: famous, notable (noble deeds)NOBLY: famous, notable (noble deeds)NOTE: distinction, reputation (a figure of international note)NOTED: well-known by reputation: eminent, celebratedOUTING: a usually public presentation or appearance (as in a particular role) (her first outing as a novelist)OVATION: an expression or demonstration of popular acclaim especially by enthusiastic applause (received a standing ovation)PLAUDIT: an act or round of applause; also, enthusiastic approval —usually used in plural (she received the plaudits of the critics)PLUME: a token of honor or prowess: a prizePOPULAR: commonly liked or approved (a very popular girl) REVERE: to show devoted deferential honor to: to regard as worthy of great honor (revere tradition, The town reveres its veterans.)RING: to be filled with talk or report (the whole land is ringing with her fame); to have great renownRINGING: to be filled with talk or report (the whole land is ringing with her fame); to have great renownTAFFY: insincere flatteryTHUMP: to make a vigorous endorsementTOADY: one who flatters in the hope of gaining favors: a sycophant; also, to behave as a toady: to engage in sycophancy; shortened from toadeaterUNHAT*: archaic: to doff the hat as a mark of respectVALENTINE: something (such as a movie or piece of writing) expressing uncritical praise or affection: tribute; from Late Latin Valentinus, the name of two early Italian saintsWAVE: a display of people in a large crowd (as at a sports event) successively rising, lifting their arms overhead, and quickly sitting so as to form a swell moving through the crowdWORLD: internationally recognized: renowned, distinguished (a world authority on gemstones)WORN: past participle of to wear: to hold the rank or dignity or position signified by (an ornament) (wore the royal crown)WOWED: to excite to enthusiastic admiration or approval (a performance that wowed the critics)WOWING: to excite to enthusiastic admiration or approval (a performance that wowed the critics)
Advice and Counsel
ADMONITION: gentle or friendly reproof; counsel or warning against fault or oversightADVICE: recommendation regarding a decision or course of conduct: counselCOUNCIL: an assembly or meeting for consultation, advice, or discussion HORTATORY: giving exhortation: advisoryINPUT: advice, opinion, commentMEDIATE: (verb) to bring accord out of by action as an intermediary; to effect by action as an intermediary; to act as intermediary agent in bringing, effecting, or communicating: to convey; to transmit as intermediate mechanism or agency; to interpose between parties in order to reconcile them; to reconcile differences; (adj.) acting through an intervening agencyMEDIATED: (verb) to bring accord out of by action as an intermediary; to effect by action as an intermediary; to act as intermediary agent in bringing, effecting, or communicating: to convey; to transmit as intermediate mechanism or agency; to interpose between parties in order to reconcile them; to reconcile differencesPRIMING: to instruct beforehand: to coach (primed the witness)TAKE: to follow, to heed (take my advice)TAKEN: to follow, to heed (take my advice)TOOK: to follow, to heed (take my advice)UMPIRING: to supervise or decide as umpire; to act as umpire, one having authority to decide finally a controversy or question between partiesUNCLE: one who helps, advises, or encouragesWARN: to give admonishing advice to: counselWARNING: to give admonishing advice to: counsel
Collaboration and Cooperation
ALLIED: to unite or form a connection or relation between: to associate; also, one that is associated with another as a helper: a person or group that provides assistance and support in an ongoing effort, activity, or struggleALLY: to unite or form a connection or relation between: to associate; also, one that is associated with another as a helper: a person or group that provides assistance and support in an ongoing effort, activity, or struggleALLYING: to unite or form a connection or relation between: to associate; also, one that is associated with another as a helper: a person or group that provides assistance and support in an ongoing effort, activity, or struggleAUXILIARY: offering or providing help; also, an auxiliary person, group, or deviceBACKUP: one that serves as a substitute or support; additional personnel who provide assistanceCHIME: to be or act in accord; also, accord, harmonyCHIMING: to be or act in accord; also, accord, harmonyCOACT*: to act or work togetherCOACTION*: joint or concurrent actionCOACTOR*: one who acts with another: a fellow actorCODEVELOP: to develop (something) by working with one or more others: to develop (something) jointlyCODEVELOPED: to develop (something) by working with one or more others: to develop (something) jointlyCOLLABORATOR: a person who collaborates with another: such as: someone who works with another person or groupCONCUR: to act together to a common end or single effectENGAGE: to do or take part in something —used with in (engage in healthy activities)ENGAGED: to do or take part in something —used with in (engage in healthy activities)ENGAGING: to do or take part in something —used with in (engage in healthy activities)GOING: present participle of to go, to act in agreement or cooperation (just go with it)GONE: past participle of to go, to act in agreement or cooperation (just go with it)IDENTIFIED: to cause to be or become identical (identified her interests with theirs); to feel a sense of unity (as of interests, purpose, or effect) and close emotional association: to engage in psychological identificationJACKAL: a person who serves or collaborates with another especially in the commission of base actsMANNING: to serve in the force or complement of (I’ll man the ticket booth); to furnish with strength or powers of resistance: to bracePAWN: one that can be used to further the purposes of anotherRALLY: a mustering of scattered forces to renew an effort, or a mass meeting intended to arouse group enthusiasm also, to muster for a common purpose; to come together again to renew an effort; to join in a common cause; to arouse for actionRALLYING: a mustering of scattered forces to renew an effort, or a mass meeting intended to arouse group enthusiasm also, to muster for a common purpose; to come together again to renew an effort; to join in a common cause; to arouse for actionTEAM: a number of persons associated together in work or activity; also, of or performed by a team (a team effort); also, marked by devotion to teamwork rather than individual achievement (a team player); also, to form a team or association : join forces or efforts —often used with upTEAMED: a number of persons associated together in work or activity; also, of or performed by a team (a team effort); also, marked by devotion to teamwork rather than individual achievement (a team player); also, to form a team or association : join forces or efforts —often used with upTEAMMATE: a fellow member of a teamULTIMATA: plural of ultimatum, a final proposition, condition, or demand, especially: one whose rejection will end negotiations and cause a resort to force or other direct actionULTIMATUM: a final proposition, condition, or demand, especially: one whose rejection will end negotiations and cause a resort to force or other direct actionUNITE: to act in concert (All parties united in signing the petition.)UNITED: relating to or produced by joint action (a united effort); also, to act in concert (All parties united in signing the petition.)UNITING: to act in concert (All parties united in signing the petition.)UNITY: continuity without deviation or change (as in purpose or action) (They have dealt with the issue with impressive unity of purpose.)WENT: past tense of to go, to act in agreement or cooperation (just go with it)
Condemnation and Censure
BEFOUL: to soil, to stain or defile morally: to corrupt; to blacken or taint (something, such as a person's reputation) by word or deedBEFOULED: to soil, to stain or defile morally: to corrupt; to blacken or taint (something, such as a person's reputation) by word or deedBLACK: indicative of condemnation or discredit (got a black mark for being late)BLACKBALL: to vote against, especially: to exclude from membership by casting a negative vote; to exclude socially: ostracize; boycott; also, a small black ball for use as a negative vote in a ballot box; also, an adverse vote especially against admitting someone to membership in an organizationBLACKEN: to defame, sully (blackened her reputation)BRAND: a mark of disgrace: stigma (the brand of poverty); also, to mark with disapproval: stigmatize (he was branded a coward)CANCEL: to withdraw one's support for (someone, such as a celebrity, or something, such as a company) publicly and especially on social mediaCANCELABLE: to withdraw one's support for (someone, such as a celebrity, or something, such as a company) publicly and especially on social mediaCANCELED: to withdraw one's support for (someone, such as a celebrity, or something, such as a company) publicly and especially on social mediaCANCELING: to withdraw one's support for (someone, such as a celebrity, or something, such as a company) publicly and especially on social mediaCANCELLABLE: to withdraw one's support for (someone, such as a celebrity, or something, such as a company) publicly and especially on social mediaCANCELLED: to withdraw one's support for (someone, such as a celebrity, or something, such as a company) publicly and especially on social mediaCANCELLING: to withdraw one's support for (someone, such as a celebrity, or something, such as a company) publicly and especially on social mediaCLOUD: to taint, sully (a clouded reputation)CLOUDED: to taint, sully (a clouded reputation)DAMN: to condemn as a failure by public criticismDAMNATION: the act of damning: the state of being damnedDAMNING: to condemn as a failure by public criticism DEVIL: severe criticism or rebuke: hell —used with the (I'll probably catch the devil for this.)DOGPILE: a barrage of criticism, insults, etc. directed at someone or something by many people; also, of a group of people: to direct a barrage of criticism, insults, etc. at (someone or something)DOGPILED: a barrage of criticism, insults, etc. directed at someone or something by many people; also, of a group of people: to direct a barrage of criticism, insults, etc. at (someone or something)EXAMPLE: a punishment inflicted on someone as a warning to others; also: an individual so punished; also, to serve as an example ofEXPEL: to force to leave (a place, an organization, etc.) by official action: take away rights or privileges of membershipEXPELLEE: a person who is expelledFOUL: to dishonor, discreditFOULED: to dishonor, discreditFOULS: to dishonor, discreditGAUNTLET: a double file of men facing each other and armed with clubs or other weapons with which to strike at an individual who is made to run between them —used with runHEAT: abuse, criticism (took heat for her mistakes)HOOT: to assail or drive out by hooting (hooted down the speaker); to express or utter with hoots (hooted their disapproval)HOOTED: to assail or drive out by hooting (hooted down the speaker); to express or utter with hoots (hooted their disapproval)HOOTING: to assail or drive out by hooting (hooted down the speaker); to express or utter with hoots (hooted their disapproval)HOWL: to drown out or cause to fail by adverse outcry —used especially with downHOWLING: to drown out or cause to fail by adverse outcry —used especially with downKICK: to remove from a position or status (kicked him off the team)KICKED: to remove from a position or status (kicked him off the team)KICKING: to remove from a position or status (kicked him off the team)NAIL: to expose usually so as to discreditNAILING: to expose usually so as to discreditODIUM: disrepute or infamy attached to something: opprobriumPARIAH: someone or something that is despised or rejected: an outcast, one that is cast out or refused acceptance (as by society)PILL: to blackball: to vote against, especially: to exclude from membership by casting a negative vote [with a pill, another word for a blackball]; to exclude socially: to ostracizePILLED: to blackball: to vote against, especially: to exclude from membership by casting a negative vote [with a pill, another word for a blackball]; to exclude socially: to ostracizePILLING: to blackball: to vote against, especially: to exclude from membership by casting a negative vote [with a pill, another word for a blackball]; to exclude socially: to ostracizePOLLUTE: to debase: to lower in status, esteem, quality, or characterPOLLUTED: to debase: to lower in status, esteem, quality, or character REPROVE: to express disapproval of: censure; to express rebuke or reproofRUIN: to cause to lose respect, honor, social status, etc. (The scandal ruined the mayor.) ; also, to become ruinedRUINING: to cause to lose respect, honor, social status, etc. (The scandal ruined the mayor.) ; also, to become ruinedTAINT: a contaminating mark or influence (the taint of scandal); to contaminate morally: to corrupt (scholarship tainted by envy)TAINTING: a contaminating mark or influence (the taint of scandal); to contaminate morally: to corrupt (scholarship tainted by envy)TAXED: to censureUNDID: to ruin the worldly means, reputation, or hopes of (a politician undone by scandal)UNDO: to ruin the worldly means, reputation, or hopes of (a politician undone by scandal)UNDOING: ruin; also, also: a cause of ruin (greed was to prove his undoing); also, to ruin the worldly means, reputation, or hopes of (a politician undone by scandal)UNDONE: to ruin the worldly means, reputation, or hopes of (a politician undone by scandal)UNKNOWN: not well-known (an unknown writer/artist); also, (noun) one that is not known or not well-known, especially: a person who is little known (as to the public) (The director cast an unknown in the lead role.)UNNOTED: not noted: unobserved, disregarded (would have lived and died, unnoted)UNPOPULAR: not popular: viewed or received unfavorably by the publicVENDETTA: an often prolonged series of retaliatory, vengeful, or hostile acts or exchange of such acts (waged a personal vendetta against those who opposed his nomination); also, a blood feud, a feud between different clans or familiesVENGEFUL: revengeful: such as seeking to avenge; serving to gain vengeanceVINDICTIVE: disposed to seek revenge: vengeful; intended for or involving revengeWRONG: to discredit, malign WRONGING: to discredit, malign
Courtesy and Cordiality
AFFABLE: being pleasant and at ease in talking to others; characterized by ease and friendlinessAFFABLY: being pleasant and at ease in talking to others; characterized by ease and friendlinessCIVIL: civilized (a civil society); also, adequate in courtesy and politenessCIVILITY: civilized conduct; especially: courtesy, politeness; also, a polite act or expressionCIVILLY: in a civil manner: politelyCONTAIN: to restrain oneselfCORDIAL: showing or marked by warm and often hearty friendliness, favor, or approval; politely pleasant and friendlyCOUTH: (noun) polish, refinement; (adj.) sophisticated, polished ETIQUETTE: the conduct or procedure required by good breeding or prescribed by authority to be observed in social or official lifeFINE: marked by or affecting elegance or refinement (fine manners)GALLANT: courteously and elaborately attentive especially to ladiesGALLANTLY: courteously and elaborately attentive especially to ladiesGALLANTRY: an act of marked courtesy; courteous attention to a ladyGENIAL: marked by or freely expressing sympathy or friendlinessGENTEEL: free from vulgarity or rudeness: politeGENTEELLY*: free from vulgarity or rudeness: politeHAPPY: having or marked by an atmosphere of good fellowship: friendly (a happy environment, a happy community)NICE: polite, kind (a very nice person, that's nice of you to say); socially acceptable: well-bred (from a nice family); virtuous, respectable (… I met nice girls whose skirts reached the ground.—Jack London)NOTICE: polite or favorable attention: civility; also, to treat with attention or civilityNOTICING: polite or favorable attention: civility; also, to treat with attention or civilityPRIM: stiffly formal and proper: decorous; prudish; also, to give a prim or demure expression toPRIMLY: stiffly formal and proper: decorous; prudish; also, to give a prim or demure expression toTACT: a keen sense of what to do or say in order to maintain good relations with others or avoid offenseTACTFUL: having or showing tact: a keen sense of what to do or say in order to maintain good relations with others or avoid offenseTACTFULLY: having or showing tact: a keen sense of what to do or say in order to maintain good relations with others or avoid offenseTHAW: the action or process of becoming less aloof, less hostile, or more genial (a thaw in their relationship); also, to abandon aloofness, reserve, or hostility: to unbendTHAWED: the action or process of becoming less aloof, less hostile, or more genial (a thaw in their relationship); also, to abandon aloofness, reserve, or hostility: to unbendWARM: marked by or readily showing affection, gratitude, cordiality, or sympathy (a warm welcome); also, to infuse with a feeling of love, friendship, well-being, or pleasure; to become filled with affection or love —used with to or towardWARMING: marked by or readily showing affection, gratitude, cordiality, or sympathy (a warm welcome); also, to infuse with a feeling of love, friendship, well-being, or pleasure; to become filled with affection or love —used with to or towardWELL: in a kindly or friendly manner (spoke well of your idea, wished them well)WHITE: dated, offensive: marked by upright fairness (that’s very white of you) Note: This use of white is sometimes used ironically.
Discourtesy and Rudeness
APED: to copy closely but often clumsily and ineptlyAPING: to copy closely but often clumsily and ineptlyBARGING: to thrust oneself heedlessly or unceremoniouslyBLITHE: lacking due thought or consideration: casual, heedlessBLITHELY: lacking due thought or consideration: casual, heedlessBOLD: impudent, presumptuousBOLDLY: impudent, presumptuous BULL: slang: nonsense: affected or impudent conductCOMMON: lacking refinement: coarse (his common vulgar way)FAMILIARLY: overly free and unrestrained: presumptuous (grossly familiar behavior)HARD: tough, unrulyINCIVIL*: not civil: rude, barbarousINCIVILITY: not civil: rude, barbarousNAUGHTY: lacking in taste or propriety (naughty person, naughty jokes)PLEBEIAN: rude or coarse in manner or style: commonROAR: to be boisterous or disorderlyROARING: to be boisterous or disorderlyROUGH: marked by a lack of refinement or grace: uncouth (a rough character); informal + old-fashioned: rowdy (a gang of roughs)ROWDILY: coarse or boisterous in behavior: rough; also: characterized by such behavior (rowdy local bars)ROWDY: coarse or boisterous in behavior: rough; also: characterized by such behavior (rowdy local bars)TART: marked by a biting, acrimonious, or cutting quality (a tart rejoinder)TARTLY: marked by a biting, acrimonious, or cutting quality (a tart rejoinder)UNCOUTH: awkward and socially unacceptable in appearance, manner, or behavior: rude; lacking in polish and graceUNTACTFUL: not having or showing tact: not tactful (untactful remarks)WOOLLY: marked by boisterous roughness or lack of order or restraint
Dishonesty and Deceit not fraud
AFFECT: to put on a false appearance of (something): to pretend to feel, have, or do (something): to feignALLEGE: to bring forward as a reason or excuseALLEGED: to bring forward as a reason or excuseALLEGING: to bring forward as a reason or excuseBELIE: to give a false impression of; to present an appearance not in agreement with; to show (something) to be false or wrong; to run counter to: to contradict; to disguiseBELIED: to give a false impression of; to present an appearance not in agreement with; to show (something) to be false or wrong; to run counter to: to contradict; to disguiseBLUFF: to deceive (bluff her way in without a ticket); to bluff someone: to act deceptively (You can tell when he is bluffing.); to feign (The catcher bluffed a throw to first.); also, a false threat or claim intended to deter or deceive someone: an act or instance of bluffing; also, the practice of bluffing; also, one who bluffsBLUFFED: to deceive (bluff her way in without a ticket); to bluff someone: to act deceptively (You can tell when he is bluffing.); to feign (The catcher bluffed a throw to first.); also, a false threat or claim intended to deter or deceive someone: an act or instance of bluffing; also, the practice of bluffing; also, one who bluffsBLUFFS: to deceive (bluff her way in without a ticket); to bluff someone: to act deceptively (You can tell when he is bluffing.); to feign (The catcher bluffed a throw to first.); also, a false threat or claim intended to deter or deceive someone: an act or instance of bluffing; also, the practice of bluffing; also, one who bluffsBUFFALO: to bewilder, baffle; also, to bamboozleCATCH: to deceiveCOLOR: to gloss, to excuse (color a lie); to misrepresent, distort (a highly colored version of the facts)COLOUR*: chiefly British spelling of color; to gloss, to excuse (color a lie); to misrepresent, distort (a highly colored version of the facts)DECEIT: the quality of being dishonest or misleading: the quality of being deceitful: deceitfulnessDECEIT: the act of causing someone to accept as true or valid what is false or invalid: the act or practice of deceiving: deception; an attempt or device to deceive: a trickDECEIVE: to cause to accept as true or valid what is false or invalid; to make someone believe something that is not true: to practice deceit; also: to give a false impressionDECEIVED: to cause to accept as true or valid what is false or invalid; to make someone believe something that is not true: to practice deceit; also: to give a false impressionDECEIVING: to cause to accept as true or valid what is false or invalid; to make someone believe something that is not true: to practice deceit; also: to give a false impressionFIBBED: told a lieFLIMFLAM: deceptive nonsense; deception, fraud; also, to subject to a flimflamGUILE: deceitful cunning; duplicityGUILEFUL: with deceitful cunning and duplicityHAWED: to equivocate; to use equivocal language especially with intent to deceive; to avoid committing oneself in what one saysINVENTION: a product of the imagination, especially: a false conceptionJIVE: glib, deceptive, or foolish talk; slang: phony, intended to deceive or misleadKIDDED: to deceive (someone) as a joke: to say untrue things to (someone) in a playful or joking way; to fail to admit the truth to (someone) (They're kidding themselves if they think they can win.)KIDDING: to deceive (someone) as a joke: to say untrue things to (someone) in a playful or joking way; to fail to admit the truth to (someone) (They're kidding themselves if they think they can win.)LIAR: a person who tells liesLIED: to lie: to make an untrue statement with intent to deceive; to create a false or misleading impressionLYING: to lie: to make an untrue statement with intent to deceive; to create a false or misleading impressionMEALY: mealymouthed: not plain and straightforward: deviousPLAY: to perform or execute for amusement or to deceive or mock (play a trick)VAMP: to invent, fabricate (vamp up an excuse)WANGLING: to resort to trickery or devious methods; to adjust or manipulate for personal or fraudulent ends; to make or get by devious means: to finagle (wangle an invitation)WEIGHT: to cause to incline in a particular direction by manipulation (tax structure weighted in favor of the wealthy)WEIGHTED: to cause to incline in a particular direction by manipulation (tax structure weighted in favor of the wealthy)WEIGHTING: to cause to incline in a particular direction by manipulation (tax structure weighted in favor of the wealthy)WILE: a trick or stratagem intended to ensnare or deceive; skill in outwitting: trickery, guileWILY: full of wiles: crafty (a wily negotiator)WORK: to practice trickery or cajolery on for some end (worked the management for a free ticket)WORKING: to practice trickery or cajolery on for some end (worked the management for a free ticket)
Disobedience
CONTRARY: temperamentally unwilling to accept control or adviceDECLINE: to refuse to undertake, undergo, engage in, or comply with (decline battle)DECLINED: to refuse to undertake, undergo, engage in, or comply with (decline battle)DEFIED: a challenge; defiance; also, to confront with assured power of resistance: to disregard (defy public opinion; in trouble for defying a court order); to resist attempts at: to withstand (the paintings defy classification); to challenge to do something considered impossible: to dareDEFY: a challenge; defiance; also, to confront with assured power of resistance: to disregard (defy public opinion; in trouble for defying a court order); to resist attempts at: to withstand (the paintings defy classification); to challenge to do something considered impossible: to dareDEFYING: a challenge; defiance; also, to confront with assured power of resistance: to disregard (defy public opinion; in trouble for defying a court order); to resist attempts at: to withstand (the paintings defy classification); to challenge to do something considered impossible: to dareELUDE: to defy: to resist attempts at: to withstandELUDED: to defy: to resist attempts at: to withstandNAUGHTY: guilty of disobedience or misbehavior (a naughty child)UNHEEDED: not attended or listened to: not heededUNHEEDING: giving no attention: showing no awareness : not heedingUNRULY: not readily ruled, disciplined, or managed: difficult to control (an unruly crowd, an unruly passenger, a mane of unruly hair) VIOLATION: infringement, transgression; an act of irreverence or desecration: profanation; also, the act of violating: the state of being violatedWAYWARD: following one's own capricious, wanton, or depraved inclinations: ungovernable (a wayward child); Middle English, short for awayward turned away, from away, adverb + -wardWAYWARDLY: following one's own capricious, wanton, or depraved inclinations: ungovernable (a wayward child); Middle English, short for awayward turned away, from away, adverb + -wardWILD: not subject to restraint or regulation: uncontrolled; also: unruly; without regulation or control
Helping, Supporting, Encouraging general; not material
ABET: to actively second and encourage (something, such as an activity or plan); to assist or support (someone) in the achievement of a purposeABETMENT: to actively second and encourage (something, such as an activity or plan); to assist or support (someone) in the achievement of a purposeABETTAL*: to actively second and encourage (something, such as an activity or plan); to assist or support (someone) in the achievement of a purposeABETTED: to actively second and encourage (something, such as an activity or plan); to assist or support (someone) in the achievement of a purposeADVANTAGE: to give an advantage to: benefitADVANTAGED: to give an advantage to: benefitAIDED: to provide with what is useful or necessary in achieving an end; to give assistanceAIDING: to provide with what is useful or necessary in achieving an end; to give assistanceANIMATE: to give spirit and support to: to encourageANIMATING: to give spirit and support to: to encourageARMING: to furnish with something that strengthens or protects; to equip or ready for action or operationBENEFIT: something that produces good or helpful results or effects or that promotes well-being: advantage; also, to be useful or profitable to; also, to receive help or an advantage: to receive benefitBENEFITED: something that produces good or helpful results or effects or that promotes well-being: advantage; also, to be useful or profitable to; also, to receive help or an advantage: to receive benefitBENEFITING: something that produces good or helpful results or effects or that promotes well-being: advantage; also, to be useful or profitable to; also, to receive help or an advantage: to receive benefitBENEFITTED: something that produces good or helpful results or effects or that promotes well-being: advantage; also, to be useful or profitable to; also, to receive help or an advantage: to receive benefitBENEFITTING: something that produces good or helpful results or effects or that promotes well-being: advantage; also, to be useful or profitable to; also, to receive help or an advantage: to receive benefitBOON: a timely benefit; a benefit or favorBULWARK: a strong support or protection (democratic principles that stand as a bulwark against tyranny)CARING: to give care (care for the sick)CONFIDE: to have confidence: trust; to give to the care or protection of another: entrustCONFIDED: to have confidence: trust; to give to the care or protection of another: entrustCONFIDENCE: a relation of trust or intimacy (took his friend into his confidence); also, reliance on another's discretion (their story was told in strictest confidence)COUNT: to rely or depend on someone or something —used with on (You can count on me.)COUNTED: to rely or depend on someone or something —used with on (You can count on me.)DEPEND: to place reliance or trust (you can depend on me)DEPENDED: to place reliance or trust (you can depend on me)DEPENDENCE: reliance, trust; one that is relied onDEPENDING: to place reliance or trust (you can depend on me)ENABLE: to provide with the means or opportunity; also, to make possible, practical, or easy FACILITATE: to make (something) easier; to help bring (something) aboutFEED: to support, encourageFEED: to furnish something essential to the development, sustenance, maintenance, or operation of (reading feeds the mind); to satisfy, gratifyFEEDING: to support, encourageFEEDING: to furnish something essential to the development, sustenance, maintenance, or operation of (reading feeds the mind); to satisfy, gratifyFLOG: to force or urge into action: to driveFLOGGING: to force or urge into action: to driveHAND: assistance or aid especially involving physical effort (lend a hand)HAPPY: very willing to do something (I'd be happy to assist you.)HELP: the act or an instance of doing or supplying something to make it easier for another to complete a task, deal with a problem, etc.: aid, assistance; also, a source of aid; something (as money or advice) given to someone who needs it; remedy, relief (The situation is beyond help.); also, to give assistance or support to (someone): to provide (someone) with something that is useful or necessary in achieving an end; to make more pleasant or bearable: improve, relieve; to be of use to: to benefit; to advance, develop, or encourage (someone or something): to promote; also, to give assistance or support —often used with out (helps out with the housework); to be of use or benefit (It was a small donation, but every little bit helps.)HELPABLE: capable of being helpedHELPED: the act or an instance of doing or supplying something to make it easier for another to complete a task, deal with a problem, etc.: aid, assistance; also, a source of aid; something (as money or advice) given to someone who needs it; remedy, relief (The situation is beyond help.); to give assistance or support to (someone): to provide (someone) with something that is useful or necessary in achieving an end; to make more pleasant or bearable: improve, relieve; to be of use to: to benefit; to advance, develop, or encourage (someone or something): to promote; also, to give assistance or support —often used with out (helps out with the housework); to be of use or benefit (It was a small donation, but every little bit helps.)HELPFUL: of service or assistance: usefulIMPEL: to urge or drive forward or on by or as if by the exertion of strong moral pressure: force; to impart motion to: propelINCENT*: to incentivize: to provide with an incentiveINCENTIVE: something that incites or has a tendency to incite to determination or actionINCENTIVIZE: to provide with an incentiveINCITE: to move to action: stir up: spur on: urge onINCITED: to move to action: stir up: spur on: urge onINCITEMENT: to move to action: stir up: spur on: urge onINCITING: to move to action: stir up: spur on: urge onLEAN: to rely for support LEANED: to rely for support LEANING: to rely for support LEANT: chiefly British past tense of lean: to rely for supportLEND: to give the assistance or support of: to afford, furnish (his manner lends great force to his argument); to adapt or apply (oneself) readily: to accommodate (a topic that lends itself admirably to class discussion)LENT: to give the assistance or support of: to afford, furnish (his manner lends great force to his argument); to adapt or apply (oneself) readily: to accommodate (a topic that lends itself admirably to class discussion)LIEGE: faithful, loyalLIFT: assistance, helpLIGHTEN: to relieve of a burden in whole or in part (the news lightened his mind); to make less wearisome: to alleviate (lighten our sorrow); to become lighter or less burdensomeLIGHTENING: to relieve of a burden in whole or in part (the news lightened his mind); to make less wearisome: to alleviate (lighten our sorrow); to become lighter or less burdensomeLOAN: to lend: to give the assistance or support of: to afford, furnish (his manner lends great force to his argument); to adapt or apply (oneself) readily: to accommodate (a topic that lends itself admirably to class discussion)LOANED: to lend: to give the assistance or support of: to afford, furnish (his manner lends great force to his argument); to adapt or apply (oneself) readily: to accommodate (a topic that lends itself admirably to class discussion)LOANING: to lend: to give the assistance or support of: to afford, furnish (his manner lends great force to his argument); to adapt or apply (oneself) readily: to accommodate (a topic that lends itself admirably to class discussion)LOYAL: unswerving in allegiance: such as faithful in allegiance to one's lawful sovereign or government; also, faithful to a private person to whom faithfulness is due; also, faithful to a cause, ideal, custom, institution, or product; also, showing loyaltyLOYALLY: unswerving in allegiance: such as faithful in allegiance to one's lawful sovereign or government; also, faithful to a private person to whom faithfulness is due; also, faithful to a cause, ideal, custom, institution, or product; also, showing loyaltyLOYALTY: the quality or state or an instance of being loyalMITIGATE: to cause to become less harsh or hostile: to mollify; to extenuate (attempted to mitigate the offense)MITIGATING: to cause to become less harsh or hostile: to mollify; to extenuate (attempted to mitigate the offense)MOBILIZE: to marshal (something, such as resources) for action (mobilize support for a proposal); to undergo mobilizationMOTIVATION: the act or process of motivating; the condition of being motivated; a motivating force, stimulus, or influence: incentive, driveMOTIVATOR: one that motivates or impels someone or something; a factor or situation that causes people to feel motivated to do something: incentive; a person who motivates othersPROD: an incitement to act (she prodded him to finish his degree); to incite to action: to stir; to urge someone onPRODDING: an incitement to act (she prodded him to finish his degree); to incite to action: to stir; to urge someone onPROFIT: to be of service or advantage: to avail; to be of service to: to benefitPROP: something that props or sustains: a support; to support by placing something under or against —often used with up; to support by placing against somethingPROPPING: something that props or sustains: a support; to support by placing something under or against —often used with up; to support by placing against somethingPULL: to draw the support or attention of: to attract (pull votes); to feel or express strong sympathy: to root (pulling for my team to win)PULLED: to draw the support or attention of: to attract (pull votes); to feel or express strong sympathy: to root (pulling for my team to win)RAMPART: a protective barrier; a bulwark: a strong support or protection (democratic principles that stand as a bulwark against tyranny)ROOT: to wish the success of or lend support to someone or something; to noisily applaud or encourage a contestant or team: to cheerROPING: to draw as if with a rope: to lure (roped him in to the deal) THROW: to make (oneself) dependent: to commit (oneself) for help, support, or protection (threw himself on the mercy of the court)THROWN: to make (oneself) dependent: to commit (oneself) for help, support, or protection (threw himself on the mercy of the court)TURN: an act or deed affecting another especially when incidental or unexpected (one good turn deserves another); to have recourse: to refer, to resort (turned to a friend for help, turned to his notes for the exact figures)WILLING: inclined or favorably disposed in mind: ready (willing and eager to help); prompt to act or respond (lending a willing hand)WILLINGLY: in a willing manner: inclined or favorably disposed in mind : ready (willing and eager to help); prompt to act or respond (lending a willing hand)
Hindering, Preventing, Discouraging
ABANDON: to withdraw protection, support, or help fromABANDONED: to withdraw protection, support, or help fromABANDONING: to withdraw protection, support, or help fromANTICIPATE: to act before (another) often so as to check or counterAVOID: to prevent the occurrence or effectiveness of (avoid further delays); to refrain from (avoid overeating)BANNED: to prohibit the use, performance, or distribution ofBANNING: to prohibit the use, performance, or distribution ofBIND: a position or situation in which one is hampered, constrained, or prevented from free movement or action (got a bind on his opponent) (in a bind)BLOCK: an obstacle (putting a block on any future development); also, to prevent (something, such as a process or action) from occurring (Senators tried to block passage of the bill.) (The new law blocks liquor sales on Sundays.) (block access to free healthcare); to stop (something) from reaching someone or something (a hedge that blocks the wind) (He was blocking my light.); to make (something) unsuitable for passage or progress by obstruction: to obstruct (A rock slide blocked the road.) (The entrance was blocked by a gate.) (A piece of food was blocking her airway.); also, to stop or hinder (someone or something) from moving through or going by (The ambulance was blocked by traffic.)BLOCKABLE: Not in M-W or NOAD; Collins has “in British English able to be blocked or prevented”BLOCKED: an obstacle (putting a block on any future development); also, to prevent (something, such as a process or action) from occurring (Senators tried to block passage of the bill.) (The new law blocks liquor sales on Sundays.) (block access to free healthcare); to stop (something) from reaching someone or something (a hedge that blocks the wind) (He was blocking my light.) to make (something) unsuitable for passage or progress by obstruction: to obstruct (A rock slide blocked the road.) (The entrance was blocked by a gate.) (A piece of food was blocking her airway.); also, to stop or hinder (someone or something) from moving through or going by (The ambulance was blocked by traffic.)BLOCKS: an obstacle (putting a block on any future development); also, to prevent (something, such as a process or action) from occurring (Senators tried to block passage of the bill.) (The new law blocks liquor sales on Sundays.) (block access to free healthcare); to stop (something) from reaching someone or something (a hedge that blocks the wind) (He was blocking my light.)BLUFF: a false threat or claim intended to deter or deceive someone: an act or instance of bluffing; also, one who bluffs; also, the practice of bluffing; also, to bluff someone: to act deceptively (You can tell when he is bluffing.)BLUFFED: a false threat or claim intended to deter or deceive someone: an act or instance of bluffing; also, one who bluffs; also, the practice of bluffing; also, to bluff someone: to act deceptively (You can tell when he is bluffing.)BLUFFS: a false threat or claim intended to deter or deceive someone: an act or instance of bluffing; also, one who bluffs; also, the practice of bluffing; also, to bluff someone: to act deceptively (You can tell when he is bluffing.)BOUND: something that limits or restrains (beyond the bounds of decency) (police officers overstepping their bound); also, to set limits to: to confine (at can’t be bounded by rules)BOUNDED: something that limits or restrains (beyond the bounds of decency) (police officers overstepping their bound); also, to set limits to: to confine (at can’t be bounded by rules)BUMP: to encounter something that is an obstacle or hindrance —usually used with into or against (bumping against the limits of technology)BUMPING: to encounter something that is an obstacle or hindrance —usually used with into or against (bumping against the limits of technology)CHECK: to restrain or diminish the action or force of: control (tried to thwart or check our purposes in the legislature); a sudden stoppage of a forward course or progress: arrest; one that arrests, limits, or restrains: restraint; also, to slow or bring to a stop: brakeCHECKED: to restrain or diminish the action or force of: control (tried to thwart or check our purposes in the legislature); a sudden stoppage of a forward course or progress: arrest; one that arrests, limits, or restrains: restraint; also, to slow or bring to a stop: brakeCHECKING: to restrain or diminish the action or force of: control (tried to thwart or check our purposes in the legislature); a sudden stoppage of a forward course or progress: arrest; one that arrests, limits, or restrains: restraint; also, to slow or bring to a stop: brakeCHECKMATE: to arrest, thwart, or counter completelyCHOKE: to check or hinder the growth, development, or activity ofCHOKING: to check or hinder the growth, development, or activity ofCLOG: something that shackles or impedes: an encumbrance, impediment, or burden; also, to hinder; to halt or slow the progress, operation, or growth of: to encumberCLOGGING: something that shackles or impedes: an encumbrance, impediment, or burden; also, to hinder; to halt or slow the progress, operation, or growth of: to encumberCONTAIN: to check, to halt (to contain a wildfire)COOL: to slow or lessen the growth or activity of —usually used with off or down (wants to cool off the economy)COOLED: to slow or lessen the growth or activity of —usually used with off or down (wants to cool off the economy)COOLING: to slow or lessen the growth or activity of —usually used with off or down (wants to cool off the economy)CRIMP: something that cramps or inhibits: a restraint, curb; also, to be an inhibiting or restraining influence on: to crampCRIMPING: something that cramps or inhibits: a restraint, curb; also, to be an inhibiting or restraining influence on: to crampDAMP: discouragement, check; to dampen: to check or diminish the activity or vigor of: to deaden; also, to become deadened or depressed; to diminish the activity or intensity of (damping down the causes of inflation)DAMPED: discouragement, check; to dampen: to check or diminish the activity or vigor of: to deaden; also, to become deadened or depressed; to diminish the activity or intensity of (damping down the causes of inflation)DAUNT: to lessen the courage of: to cow, to subdue (obstacles that would have daunted a man of less intrepid mind)DAUNTED: to lessen the courage of: to cow, to subdue (obstacles that would have daunted a man of less intrepid mind)DAUNTING: to lessen the courage of: to cow, to subdue (obstacles that would have daunted a man of less intrepid mind); also, (adj.) tending to overwhelm or intimidate (a daunting task)DEFEAT: frustration by nullification or by prevention of success (The bill suffered defeat in the Senate.); also, to frustrate, to make ineffectual: to bring to nothingDEFEATED: frustration by nullification or by prevention of success (The bill suffered defeat in the Senate.); also, to frustrate, to make ineffectual: to bring to nothingDELAY: the act of postponing, hindering, or causing something to occur more slowly than normal: the state of being delayed; also, an instance of being delayed; also, the time during which something is delayed; also, to put off, postponeDELAYABLE: not in M-W; Collins has “in British English” able to be delayedDELAYED: the act of postponing, hindering, or causing something to occur more slowly than normal: the state of being delayed; also, an instance of being delayed; also, the time during which something is delayed; also, to put off, postponeDRAG: something that slows or impedes motion, action, or advancement; a burden, encumbrance (the drag of population growth on living standards); also: the condition of having or seeming to have such motion; something (such as slowness of movement or sagging) caused by or as if by draggingDRAGGING: something that slows or impedes motion, action, or advancement; a burden, encumbrance (the drag of population growth on living standards); also: the condition of having or seeming to have such motion; something (such as slowness of movement or sagging) caused by or as if by dragging FENCE: to ward off: to turn aside (something threatening): to deflect; to provide a defense for FENCED: to ward off: to turn aside (something threatening): to deflect; to provide a defense for FENCING: to ward off: to turn aside (something threatening): to deflect; to provide a defense for FIDDLE: to meddle, tamperFIDDLED: to meddle, tamperFIDDLING: to meddle, tamperFOIL: to prevent from attaining an end: defeatFOILED: to prevent from attaining an end: defeatFOILING: to prevent from attaining an end: defeatFOUL: placed in a situation that impedes physical movement; also, to obstruct, blockFOULED: placed in a situation that impedes physical movement; also, to obstruct, blockFOULS: placed in a situation that impedes physical movement; also, to obstruct, blockGRUDGING: unwilling, reluctant; done, given, or allowed unwillingly, reluctantly, or sparingly; [verb, to grudge] to be unwilling to give or admit: to give or allow reluctantly or resentfullyHEADWIND: a force or influence that inhibits progressHELP: to refrain from: avoid (We couldn't help laughing.); to keep from occurring: prevent (They couldn't help the accident.); to restrain (oneself) from doing something (knew they shouldn't go but couldn't help themselves)HELPED: to refrain from: avoid (We couldn't help laughing.); to keep from occurring: prevent (They couldn't help the accident.); to restrain (oneself) from doing something (knew they shouldn't go but couldn't help themselves)HITCH: a sudden halt: a stoppageIMPAIR: to diminish in function, ability, or quality: to weaken or make worseIMPEDE: to interfere with or slow the progress ofIMPEDED: to interfere with or slow the progress ofIMPEDIMENT: something that impedes IMPEDING: to interfere with or slow the progress ofINCONVENIENCE: to cause problems or trouble for: subject to inconvenienceINCONVENIENCED: to cause problems or trouble for: subject to inconvenienceKEEP: to detain; to hold back, restrain; to refrain from granting, giving, or allowingKEEPING: to detain; to hold back, restrain; to refrain from granting, giving, or allowingKEPT: to detain; to hold back, restrain; to refrain from granting, giving, or allowingKINK: an imperfection likely to cause difficulties in the operation of somethingKNEECAP: to shoot or otherwise maim or disable the knee of (someone) —often used figuratively [meaning to incapacitate]KNEECAPPED: to shoot or otherwise maim or disable the knee of (someone) —often used figuratively [meaning to incapacitate]KNIFING: to try to defeat by underhanded meansKNOCK: a setback, reversalLIMPET: one that clings tenaciously to someone or somethingMIRING: to hamper or hold back as if by mire: to entangle (The company has been mired in legal problems.)MUZZLING: to restrain, to restrict [used figuratively]OBLIGE: to constrain by physical, moral, or legal force or by the exigencies of circumstanceOBLIGED: to constrain by physical, moral, or legal force or by the exigencies of circumstanceOBLIGING: to constrain by physical, moral, or legal force or by the exigencies of circumstance OVER: —used as a function word to indicate one that is overcome, circumvented, or disregarded (passed over the governor's veto)PLOY: a tactic intended to embarrass or frustrate an opponentROUT: to demoralizeRUIN: to subject to frustration, failure, or disaster (that error will ruin your chances of promotion) ; also, to become ruinedRUINING: to subject to frustration, failure, or disaster (that error will ruin your chances of promotion) ; also, to become ruinedRUNAROUND: deceptive or delaying action especially in response to a request (tired of getting the runaround)TANGLE: to involve so as to hamper, obstruct, or embarrass TANGLING: to involve so as to hamper, obstruct, or embarrass THWART: athwart: in opposition to, or in opposition to the right or expected course; also, to oppose successfully: to defeat the hopes or aspirations of; to run counter to so as to effectively oppose or baffle: to contraveneTIED: to restrain from independence or freedom of action or choice: to constrain by or as if by authority, influence, agreement, or obligationTRIAL: a source of vexation or annoyanceTURNDOWN: rejectionTYING: to restrain from independence or freedom of action or choice: to constrain by or as if by authority, influence, agreement, or obligationUNBAN: to remove a ban or prohibition fromUNBANNED: to remove a ban or prohibition fromUNBANNING: to remove a ban or prohibition fromUNBLOCK: to remove a block; to free from being blocked (a procedure to unblock his arteries)UNCHECK: to impose no check onUNCHECKED: to impose no check on; also, (adj) not hindered, slowed, or restrained (unchecked growth)UNCLOG: to remove a clog; to free from a difficulty or obstructionUNCLOGGING: to remove a clog; to free from a difficulty or obstructionUNHELPFUL: offering no assistance: not helpfulUNMUZZLING: to free from or as if from a muzzle used to restrain, to restrict [used figuratively]WARD: a means of defense: protection; also, to turn aside (something threatening): to deflect —usually used with off (ward off a blow, trying to ward off a cold)WARDING: a means of defense: protection; also, to turn aside (something threatening): to deflect —usually used with off (ward off a blow, trying to ward off a cold)WAYLAY: to temporarily stop the movement or progress of (someone or something); WINDMILL: [from the episode in Don Quixote by Cervantes in which the hero attacks windmills under the illusion that they are giants]: an imaginary wrong, evil, or opponent —usually used in the phrase to tilt at windmillsWITHHOLD: to hold back from action: to check; to forbear, to refrain (withhold from commenting); to refrain from granting, giving, or allowing (withhold permission, withhold funds)
Honesty and Truthfulness
TRULY: in all sincerity: sincerely (truly sorry); without feigning, falsity, or inaccuracy in truth or fact (truly sympathetic expressions of condolence)TRUTH: sincerity in action, character, and utterance
Kindness and Compassion
ALLEVIATE: relieve, lessen: such as to make (something, such as pain or suffering) more bearable; to partially remove or correct (something undesirable)ALLEVIATED: relieve, lessen: such as to make (something, such as pain or suffering) more bearable; to partially remove or correct (something undesirable)AMENITY: something that helps to provide comfort, convenience, or enjoyment; the quality of being pleasant or agreeableBABY: to tend to indulge with often excessive or inappropriate care and solicitudeBABYING: to tend to indulge with often excessive or inappropriate care and solicitudeCARING: feeling or showing concern for or kindness to others CODDLE: to treat with extreme or excessive care or kindness: to pamperCODDLED: to treat with extreme or excessive care or kindness: to pamperCODDLING: to treat with extreme or excessive care or kindness: to pamper EASE: to act in a less harsh manner —usually used with up or off (decided to ease off on enforcement)EASES: to act in a less harsh manner —usually used with up or off (decided to ease off on enforcement)EASY: not severe: lenient (hopes they'll be easy on him)FAVOR: gracious kindness; also: an act of such kindness (did you a favor); also, to do a kindness for: to obligeINDULGING: yielding to the desire of: humoring; treating with excessive leniency, generosity, or considerationMIND: to give protective care to: to tend; to become concerned: to careMINDED: to give protective care to: to tend; to become concerned: to careMINDING: to give protective care to: to tend; to become concerned: to careMOLLYCODDLE: to treat with an excessive or absurd degree of indulgence and attention; from Molly, nickname for Mary + coddleMOLLYCODDLED: to treat with an excessive or absurd degree of indulgence and attention; from Molly, nickname for Mary + coddleNANNIED: Not in M-W. Collins has (verb): to be overprotective towardsNANNY: Not in M-W in this sense; Collins has (verb): to be overprotective towardsNANNYING: Not in M-W. Collins has (noun): the act of being overprotective; mollycoddling (governmental nannying and interference in markets); and (verb): to be overprotective towardsNURTURANT*: (adj.) [showing or giving nurturance,] affectionate care and attentionPETTED: to treat as a pet; to treat with unusual kindness and consideration: to pamper
Leaders and Leadership
AUTOCRAT: one who has undisputed influence or power (He was the autocrat of his household.)BLAZE: to lead in some direction or activity (blaze new trails in education)BLAZING: to lead in some direction or activity (blaze new trails in education)BOSS: a person who exercises control or authority (union bosses, a mafia boss, factory boss); also, to give usually arbitrary orders to —usually used with around (Quit bossing me around.); to exercise control or authority over: to act as boss of (she was assigned to boss the project)BRAIN: the chief planner within a group —Used in plural (she's the brains behind their success)CHAIR: a chairperson (was appointed chair of the committee); also, to preside as chairperson of (chaired a commission)CHAIRING: a chairperson (was appointed chair of the committee); also, to preside as chairperson of (chaired a commission)CHAIRMAN: a person and especially a man who serves as chairperson; also, to preside as chairperson of (chaired a commission)CHIEF: the head of a body of persons or an organization: leaderCOCHAIR: one of two or more chairpersons who preside jointly over something (such as a meeting, organization, committee, event, or department): a cochairpersonCOFOUND: to join one or more others in founding (something, such as an organization or institution): to found (something) jointlyCOFOUNDED: to join one or more others in founding (something, such as an organization or institution): to found (something) jointlyCOMMAND: the ability to control: mastery (in command of her emotions); the power to dominate (The fort has command of the valley.)COMMAND: to have or exercise direct authority: to govern; to exercise a dominating influence over: have command ofCONDUCT: to direct or take part in the operation or management of (conduct a business, conduct an experiment); to act as leader or director; to lead from a position of command (conduct a siege, conduct a class)CONDUCTED: to direct or take part in the operation or management of (conduct a business, conduct an experiment); to act as leader or director; to lead from a position of command (conduct a siege, conduct a class)CONTROL: an act or instance of controlling; also: power or authority to guide or manage; also, to exercise restraining or directing influence over: to regulate; to have power over: ruleCZAR: one having great power or authority (a banking czar)DEMIT: to resign, to give up deliberately, especially: to renounce (something, such as a right or position) by a formal act; also, to withdraw from office or membershipDEMITTED: to resign, to give up deliberately, especially: to renounce (something, such as a right or position) by a formal act; also, to withdraw from office or membershipDEPUTE: to delegateDEPUTED: to delegateDEPUTIZE: to appoint as deputyDEPUTIZED: to appoint as deputyDEVOLVE: to fall or be passed usually as a responsibility or obligation (the responsibility …has devolved increasingly upon women)DEVOLVED: to fall or be passed usually as a responsibility or obligation (the responsibility …has devolved increasingly upon women)DOMINATION: supremacy or preeminence over another; exercise of mastery or ruling powerELEVATE: to raise in rank or status (was elevated to chairman)ELEVATED: to raise in rank or status (was elevated to chairman)ENGAGE: to attract and hold by influence or powerENGAGED: to attract and hold by influence or powerENGAGING: to attract and hold by influence or powerEXALT: to raise in rank, power, or character; also, to induce exaltationEXALTED: to raise in rank, power, or character; also, to induce exaltation; also, elevated in rank, power, or characterEXALTEDLY: elevated in rank, power, or characterHONCHO: boss, big shot; also: hotshot, a talented or successful person who often has a showy or flashy mannerINCOMING: taking a new place or position especially as part of a successionINITIATIVE: energy or aptitude displayed in initiation of action: enterprise (showed great initiative)KINGPIN: the chief person in a group or undertakingLEAD: leadership (the board chair will provide the lead); also, one that leads; (adj.) acting or serving as a lead or leader; also, to direct the operations, activity, or performance of (lead an orchestra); to have charge of (lead a campaign); initiative (took the lead in fighting the measure)LIFT: to raise in rank or condition; also, a rise or advance in position or conditionLIFTING: to raise in rank or condition; also, a rise or advance in position or conditionLODGE: to place or vest especially in a source, means, or agent (authority lodged in the provost)LODGED: to place or vest especially in a source, means, or agent (authority lodged in the provost)LORD: one having power and authority over others; a man of rank or high position; also, to act like a lord, especially: to put on airs —usually used with itLORDLY: of, relating to, or having the characteristics of a lord: dignified, grand, noble; exhibiting the pride and assurance associated with one of the highest birth or rankMACE: an ornamental staff borne as a symbol of authority before a public official (such as a magistrate) or a legislative body; also, one who carries a maceMACE: an ornamental staff borne as a symbol of authority before a public official (such as a magistrate) or a legislative body; also, one who carries a maceMADE: to appoint (made him bishop)MAGNATE: a person of rank, power, influence, or distinction often in a specified areaMAJORDOMO: a person who speaks, makes arrangements, or takes charge for another; broadly: the person who runs an enterpriseMAKE: to appoint (made him bishop)MAKING: to appoint (made him bishop)MANDARIN: a person of position and influence often in intellectual or literary circles, especially: an elder and often traditionalist or reactionary member of such a circle; also (adj.): of, relating to, or typical of a mandarinMANDATOR*: one that gives a mandateMANTLE: a figurative cloak symbolizing preeminence or authority (accepted the mantle of leadership)MATRIARCH: a woman who rules or dominates a family, group, or state; specifically: a mother who is head and ruler of her family and descendantsMATRON: the chief officer in a women's organizationMENTION: to refer to or suggest (someone) as having a possible role or status (was mentioned as a possible candidate)MENTIONING: to refer to or suggest (someone) as having a possible role or status (was mentioned as a possible candidate)MIGHT: the power, authority, or resources wielded (as by an individual or group)MONARCH: one that holds preeminent position or powerMONOCRAT: one who has undisputed influence or power (He was the autocrat of his household.)NAME: to nominate for office: to appoint (named as board chair)NAMING: to nominate for office: to appoint (named as board chair)NOMINATION: the act, process, or an instance of nominating; also, the state of being nominated (to nominate is to appoint or propose for appointment to an office or place)NOMINEE: one that is nominated (to nominate is to appoint or propose for appointment to an office or place)OCCUPANT: one who acquires title by occupancyOFFICE: a position of responsibility or some degree of executive authorityOFFICIAL: one who holds or is invested with an office: an officer (a government official, a company official); also, holding an office: having authority (the CEO’s official representative); of or relating to an office, position, or trust (official duties, official documents); befitting or characteristic of a person in office (extended an official greeting)OFFICIATION: to act in an official capacity: act as an official (as at a sports contest); to carry out (an official duty or function); to serve as a leader or celebrant of (a ceremony, a formal event, etc.)OMNIPOTENT: having virtually unlimited authority or influence (an omnipotent ruler); one who has unlimited power or authority: one who is omnipotentOUTGOING: retiring or withdrawing from a place or position (the outgoing president)PILOT: a guide, a leaderPIVOT: a person, thing, or factor having a major or central role, function, or effectPOLITIC: characterized by shrewdness in managing, contriving, or dealing; sagacious in promoting a policy; shrewdly tactfulPOTENTATE: a ruler, sovereign; broadly: one who wields great power or swayPRINCIPAL: a person who has controlling authority or is in a leading position: such as a chief or head man or woman; also, one who engages another to act as an agent subject to general control and instruction, specifically: the person from whom an agent's authority deriveRAMROD: boss, overseer; also, to direct, supervise, and controlRIVAL: equal, peer [the latest model has no rivals]; also, to strive to equal or excel: emulate (attempting to rival their competition); to possess qualities or aptitudes that approach or equal (those of another) (The new museum will rival any in the world.)RULING: ruling (adj.): exerting power or authority (the ruling party); also, to exert control, direction, or influence on; also, to rule: to exercise control over especially by curbing or restraining (rule a fractious horse, ruled his appetites); to exercise supreme authority (a monarch who is felt to have ruled wisely); to exercise authority or power over often harshly or arbitrarily (ruling with an iron hand) SAYS: a right or power to influence action or decision, especially: the authority to make final decisionsTUTELAGE: a guiding influence (a business under the tutelage of a new director); also, the state of being under a guardian or tutorTUTOR: a person charged with the guidance of another; also, to have the guardianship, tutelage, or care of; to do the work of a tutorTYCOON: a person of rank, power, influence, or distinction often in a specified area; also, a top leader (as in politics); also, a businessperson of exceptional wealth, power, and influence: a magnateTYRANNY: oppressive power [over others]TYRANT: a ruler who exercises absolute power oppressively or brutally; also, one resembling an oppressive ruler in the harsh use of authority or power (a tyrant of a boss)UNCLE: one who helps, advises, or encouragesVANGUARD: the forefront of an action or movementVICAR: one serving as a substitute or agent, specifically: an administrative deputy; also, in the place of (I will preside, vice the absent chairperson); also: rather thanWAND: a slender staff carried in a procession: a verge, a rod or staff carried as an emblem of authority or symbol of officeWATCH: a term as holder especially of an overseeing or managerial office (the business grew on her watch)WEAK: not having or exerting authority or political power (weak government)WHEEL: a person of importance especially in an organization (a big wheel)WIELD: to exert one's authority by means of (wield influence)WIELDED: to exert one's authority by means of (wield influence)WIELDING: to exert one's authority by means of (wield influence)
Meetings and Assemblies not legislatures
CHAIR: a chairperson (was appointed chair of the committee); also, to preside as chairperson of (chaired a commission)CHAIRING: a chairperson (was appointed chair of the committee); also, to preside as chairperson of (chaired a commission)CHAIRMAN: a person and especially a man who serves as chairperson; also, to preside as chairperson of (chaired a commission)COCHAIR: one of two or more chairpersons who preside jointly over something (such as a meeting, organization, committee, event, or department): a cochairpersonCOMMITTEE: a body of persons delegated to consider, investigate, take action on, or report on some matter; also, a self-constituted organization for the promotion of a common objectCOMMITTEEMEN: a member of a committeeCONCLAVE: a private meeting or secret assembly; also, a gathering of a group or associationCONVENE: to come together in a body; to summon before a tribunal; to cause to assembleCONVENED: to come together in a body; to summon before a tribunal; to cause to assembleCOUNCIL: an assembly or meeting for consultation, advice, or discussion (the Second Vatican Council); an executive body whose members are equal in power and authority; also, a governing body of delegates from local units of a federation; also, a federation of or a central body uniting a group of organizations (the National Council of Teachers of English); also, a local chapter of an organization; also, a club, society; also, a usually administrative body (a council on housing)COUNCILOR: or councilor: a member of a councilELECT: to select by vote for an office, position, or membership (elected her as class president); also, (adj.) chosen for office or position but not yet installed (the chair-elect)ELECTABLE: capable of being elected (as to public office)ELECTED: to select by vote for an office, position, or membership (elected her as class president)ELECTEE: M-W and NOAD do not include electee; Collins says “in British English, a person who is elected”ELECTING: to select by vote for an office, position, or membership (elected her as class president)FACILITATE: to help (something, such as a discussion) run more smoothly and effectivelyFLOOR: the members of an assembly (took questions from the floor); also, the right to address an assembly (the senator from Massachusetts has the floor)GAVEL: a mallet used for commanding attention or confirming an action, or to bring or force by use of a gavelMADE: to form by an assembling of individuals (make a quorum)MAKE: to form by an assembling of individuals (make a quorum)MAKING: to form by an assembling of individuals (make a quorum)MEET: to come together with especially at a particular time or place (I'll meet you at the station) (we will meet at ten a.m.); to enter into conference, argument, or personal dealings with (We met her over coffee.)MEETING: to come together with especially at a particular time or place (I'll meet you at the station) (we will meet at ten a.m.); to enter into conference, argument, or personal dealings with (We met her over coffee.); an act or process of coming together, such as an assembly for a common purposeMEETUP: an informal meeting or get-togetherMOTION: a proposal for action, especially: a formal proposal made in a deliberative assembly (made a motion that the meeting be adjourned)MOVE: to make a formal request, application, or appeal (moved that the meeting adjourn); to propose formally in a deliberative assembly (moved the adjournment motion) MOVED: to make a formal request, application, or appeal (moved that the meeting adjourn); to propose formally in a deliberative assembly (moved the adjournment motion)NONVOTING: not voting: such as not exercising the right to vote; also, not entitled to vote (nonvoting members); not entitling the holder to vote (a nonvoting membership)PACK: to crowd together; to gather into tight formation; to assemble in a group: to congregatePACKED: to crowd together; to gather into tight formation; to assemble in a group: to congregatePOWWOW: informal + offensive: a meeting for discussionRALLY: a mustering of scattered forces to renew an effort, or a mass meeting intended to arouse group enthusiasm also, to muster for a common purpose; to come together again to renew an effort; to join in a common cause; to arouse for actionRALLYING: a mustering of scattered forces to renew an effort, or a mass meeting intended to arouse group enthusiasm also, to muster for a common purpose; to come together again to renew an effort; to join in a common cause; to arouse for actionRAPPING: to cause to be or come by raps (rap the meeting to order)RUMP: a group (such as a parliament) carrying on in the name of the original body after the departure or expulsion of a large number of its membersTABLE: a group of people assembled at or as if at a table; also, a legislative or negotiating session (the bargaining table); also, to remove (something, such as a parliamentary motion) from consideration indefinitelyTURNOUT: the number of people who participate in or attend an event (a heavy voter turnout); also, an act of turning outWALK: to walk out: to leave suddenly often as an expression of disapproval; to go on strike (walked over problems with management)WALKOUT: the action of leaving a meeting or organization as an expression of disapprovalWORKING: adequate to permit work to be done (a working majority)
Orders and Obedience
AMENABLE: having or showing willingness to agree or to accept something that is wanted or asked for; readily yielding, submitting, or cooperating AMENABLY: having or showing willingness to agree or to accept something that is wanted or asked for; readily yielding, submitting, or cooperating BADE: issued an order to: toldBEND: to make submissive: to subdue (bends to his threats) (refusing to be bent); to compromise (refusing to bend under pressure to change (bending to the will of wealthy supporters)BENDING: to make submissive: to subdue (bends to his threats) (refusing to be bent); to compromise (refusing to bend under pressure to change (bending to the will of wealthy supporters)BIDDING: to issue an order to: to tellBOSS: a person who exercises control or authority (union bosses, a mafia boss, factory boss); also, to give usually arbitrary orders to —usually used with around (Quit bossing me around.); to exercise control or authority over: to act as boss of (she was assigned to boss the project)CHARGING: to impose a task or responsibility on (charge him with the job of finding a new meeting place); to command, instruct, or exhort with authority (I charge you not to go.)COMMAND: an order given; also, to direct authoritatively: to order; to give ordersCOMPEL: to drive or urge forcefully or irresistibly; to cause to do or occur by overwhelming pressureCONFORM: to be obedient or compliant; to act in accordance with prevailing standards or customsDICTA: a noteworthy statement, such as a formal pronouncement of a principle, proposition, or opinion (awaiting the king's dictum) or an observation intended or regarded as authoritative (must follow the dictum "First, do no harm")DICTATE: an authoritative rule, prescription, or injunction (the dictates of the party); a ruling principle (the dictates of your conscience); a command by one in authority (papal dictate); also, to speak or act domineeringly: to prescribe; to issue as an order; to impose, pronounce, or specify authoritatively; to require or determine necessarily (The weather will dictate how long we stay.)DICTATED: to speak or act domineeringly: to prescribe; to issue as an order; to impose, pronounce, or specify authoritatively; to require or determine necessarily (The weather will dictate how long we stay.)DICTATING: to speak or act domineeringly: to prescribe; to issue as an order; to impose, pronounce, or specify authoritatively; to require or determine necessarily (The weather will dictate how long we stay.)DICTATION: arbitrary command or prescriptionDOCILE: easily led or managed: tractableDOCILITY: easily led or managed: tractableDUCTILE: easily led or influenced FLEXIBLE: yielding to influence: tractable (a flexible person without strong convictions)FORCING: to compel by physical, moral, or intellectual means (they forced the CEO to resign)GOING: present participle of to go, to carry authority (What she says goes.)GONE: past participle of to go, to carry authority (What she says goes.)HALE: to compel to goHEAT: pressure, coercion (turn up the heat on your congressperson)HEED: attention, notice; also, to pay attention; to give consideration or attention to: to mind (heed what he says, heed the callHEEDED: attention, notice; also, to pay attention; to give consideration or attention to: to mind (heed what he says, heed the callHEEDING: attention, notice; also, to pay attention; to give consideration or attention to: to mind (heed what he says, heed the callKEEP: to act fittingly in relation to; to conform to in habits or conductKEEPING: to act fittingly in relation to; to conform to in habits or conductKEPT: past tense and past participle of keep: to act fittingly in relation to; to conform to in habits or conductLINE: a state of agreement or conformity: accordance; a state of order, control, or obedience (wouldn't let them get out of line)MALLEABLE: capable of being altered or controlled by outside forces or influences; also, having a capacity for adaptive changeMANDATING: to direct or require (someone) to do something; to officially require (something): to make (something) mandatoryMIND: to give heed to attentively in order to obey; to follow the orders or instructions of; to pay obedient heed or attentionMINDED: to give heed to attentively in order to obey; to follow the orders or instructions of; to pay obedient heed or attentionMINDING: to give heed to attentively in order to obey; to follow the orders or instructions of; to pay obedient heed or attentionOBEDIENCE: an act or instance of obeying; the quality or state of being obedientOBEY: to follow the commands or guidance of; to conform to or comply with; to behave obedientlyOBEYED: to follow the commands or guidance of; to conform to or comply with; to behave obedientlyOBEYING: to follow the commands or guidance of; to conform to or comply with; to behave obedientlyORDAIN: to issue an order (so the dean has ordained)PLIABLE: yielding readily to others: complaisantPLIANT: easily influenced: yieldingPLIANTLY: easily influenced: yieldingPOCKET: to put up with: accept; to set aside: suppress (pocketed his pride)POLICE: one attempting to regulate or censor a specified field or activity (the fashion police)PROGRAM: to control by or as if by a [computer] program; to predetermine the thinking, behavior, or operations of as if by computer programmingPROMPT: being ready and quick to act as occasion demands; performed readily or immediately (prompt assistance)PUPPET: one whose acts are controlled by an outside force or influence (a puppet ruler)PUTTY: one who is easily manipulated (he is putty in her hands)QUELL: to thoroughly overwhelm and reduce to submission or passivity (quell a riot)QUELLED: to thoroughly overwhelm and reduce to submission or passivity (quell a riot)RULING: ruling (adj.): exerting power or authority (the ruling party); also, to exert control, direction, or influence on; also, to rule: to exercise control over especially by curbing or restraining (rule a fractious horse, ruled his appetites); to exercise authority or power over often harshly or arbitrarily (ruling with an iron hand)TELL: to order, direct (told me to wait)THRALL: a state of servitude or submission —usually used with in (in thrall to his emotions, in thrall to the CEO); also, a person in moral or mental servitudeTOLD: to order, direct (told me to wait)WENT: past tense of to go, to carry authority (What she says goes.)WILL: [from the phrase our will is which introduces it]: the part of a summons expressing a royal command; also, to decree, to ordain (Providence wills it)WILL: —used to express a command, exhortation, or injunction (you will do as I say, at once)WORD: order, command (Don't move till I give the word.)WRATH: retributory punishment for an offense or a crime: divine chastisementYIELD: to give way to pressure or influence: to submit to urging, persuasion, or entreaty; to surrender or submit (oneself) to another; to give up and cease resistance or contention: to submit, succumb (facing an enemy who would not yield, yielding to temptation); to give way to or become succeeded by someone or something elseYIELDED: to give way to pressure or influence: to submit to urging, persuasion, or entreaty; to surrender or submit (oneself) to another; to give up and cease resistance or contention: to submit, succumb (facing an enemy who would not yield, yielding to temptation); to give way to or become succeeded by someone or something else
Permissions and Prohibitions
ALLOW: to fail to restrain or prevent (allow the dog to roam); to permit (to allow smoking)ALLOWABLE: permissible (e.g., allowable income tax deductions)ALLOWANCE: the act of allowing something: permissionALLOWED: to fail to restrain or prevent (allow the dog to roam); to permit (to allow smoking)ALLOWING: to fail to restrain or prevent (allow the dog to roam); to permit (to allow smoking)BANNED: to prohibit the use, performance, or distribution of; to bar entry; to keep out, to excludeBANNING: to prohibit the use, performance, or distribution of; to bar entry; to keep out, to excludeBARRING: to prevent or forbid (a decision barring his participation); to set aside: to not take into consideration: to rule out (to bar the possibility of something); excluding by exception: excepting (barring accidents…)CRAMP: to restrain from free expression —used especially in the phrase cramp one's styleDECLINE: to withhold consent (We invited him but he declined.)DECLINED: to withhold consent (We invited him but he declined.)FORBAD*: M-W: less common variant of forbade, past tense of forbidGRANT: to consent to carry out for a person: to allow fulfillment of (to grant a request); to permit as a right, privilege, or favor (luggage allowances granted to passengers)INDEPENDENCE: the quality or state of being independent: not subject to control by others: self-governing; not looking to others for one's opinions or for guidance in conduct; showing a desire for freedom (an independent manner)INDEPENDENT: not subject to control by others: self-governing; not looking to others for one's opinions or for guidance in conduct; showing a desire for freedom (an independent manner)INHIBIT: to prohibit from doing something; to hold in check: restrainINHIBITING: to prohibit from doing something; to hold in check: restrainLEAVE: permission to do somethingMIGHT: used to express permission, liberty, probability, or possibility in the past (she might do nothing without the board's consent); also, used as a polite alternative to may (Might I ask who is calling?); also, used as a polite alternative to ought or should (I might have known he'd be late.)PROHIBIT: to prevent from doing something; to precludePROHIBITOR: one that prohibitsPULL: to revoke (got his license pulled after the third speeding ticket)PULLED: to revoke (got his license pulled after the third speeding ticket)QUIT: to set free: to relieve, release (quit oneself of fear)QUITTING: to set free: to relieve, release (quit oneself of fear)TABOO: banned on grounds of morality or taste (the subject is taboo); also, banned as constituting a risk; also, forbidden for nonreligious use or contact because of what are held to be dangerous supernatural powers; also, a prohibition imposed by social custom or as a protective measure; something that is not acceptable to say, mention, or do: something that is taboo; a prohibition against touching, saying, or doing something for fear of immediate harm from a supernatural force; also, belief in taboos; also, to set apart as taboo especially by marking with a ritualistic symbol; to avoid or ban as tabooUNBAN: to remove a ban or prohibition fromUNBANNED: to remove a ban or prohibition fromUNBANNING: to remove a ban or prohibition fromVETO: to refuse to admit or approve: prohibitVETOED: to refuse to admit or approve: prohibitWARRANT: sanction, authorization; also: evidence for or token of authorization; a commission or document giving authority to do something; especially: a writing that authorizes a person to pay or deliver to another and the other to receive money or other consideration; also, to give warrant or sanction to: to authorize (the law warrants this procedure)WARRANTOR: one that warrants or gives a warranty
Pledges, Promises, Obligations duty
ACCEPT: to agree to undertake (a responsibility) (accept a job)BIND: to put under an obligation (binds himself with an oath); to make a firm commitment for (a handshake binds the deal); to exert a restraining or compelling effect (a promise that binds)BINDING: (adj) imposing an obligation (a binding agreement); also, to put under an obligation (binds himself with an oath); to make a firm commitment for (a handshake binds the deal); to exert a restraining or compelling effect (a promise that binds)BOUND: past tense and past participle of bind: to put under an obligation (binds himself with an oath); to make a firm commitment for (a handshake binds the deal); to exert a restraining or compelling effect (a promise that binds)CAGILY: hesitant about committing oneselfCAGY: hesitant about committing oneselfCOMMIT: to obligate, bind, pledge (commit to a relationship)COMMITMENT: an agreement or pledge to do something in the future; also, something pledged(the commitment of volunteers for the project); also, a promise to be loyal to someone or something (questioned the company's commitment to safety); also, an act of committing to a charge or trust COMMITTAL: commitment: an agreement or pledge to do something in the future; also, something pledged(the commitment of volunteers for the project); also, a promise to be loyal to someone or something (questioned the company's commitment to safety); also, an act of committing to a charge or trustCOMMITTED: to obligate, bind, pledge (commit to a relationship)DEDICATE: to commit to a goal or way of life (dedicate his life to public service)DEDICATED: to commit to a goal or way of life (dedicate his life to public service)DEVOTE: to give over or direct (time, money, effort, etc.) to a cause, enterprise, or activityDEVOTED: to give over or direct (time, money, effort, etc.) to a cause, enterprise, or activityDIVIDED: directed or moved toward conflicting interests, states, or objects (divided loyalties)DUCK: to evade a duty, question, or responsibilityDUCKED: to evade a duty, question, or responsibilityDUTIFUL: filled with or motivated by a sense of duty; proceeding from or expressive of a sense of dutyDUTIFULLY: filled with or motivated by a sense of duty; proceeding from or expressive of a sense of dutyDUTY: conduct due to parents and superiors: respect; also, obligatory tasks, conduct, service, or functions that arise from one's position (as in life or in a group); done as a duty (pay a duty call on her elderly aunt); also, a moral or legal obligation (felt it was their duty to help); the force of moral obligation (will be ready when duty calls); assigned service or business (kitchen duty, jury duty); being on duty: assigned to specified tasks or functions (the duty officer)EASE: relief from discomfort or obligation ENGAGE: to bind (someone, such as oneself) to do something; also, to pledge oneself: to promise; to make a guarantee (he engages for the honesty of his brother); also, engagé: committed to or supportive of a cause (adj.); also, to offer (something, such as one's life or word) as backing to a cause or aim: to expose to risk for the attainment or support of some end (engaged his all in the king's cause)ENGAGED: to bind (someone, such as oneself) to do something; also, to pledge oneself: to promise; to make a guarantee (he engages for the honesty of his brother); also, engagé: committed to or supportive of a cause (adj.); also, to offer (something, such as one's life or word) as backing to a cause or aim: to expose to risk for the attainment or support of some end (engaged his all in the king's cause)ENGAGEMENT: something that engages: a pledgeENGAGING: to bind (someone, such as oneself) to do something; also, to pledge oneself: to promise; to make a guarantee (he engages for the honesty of his brother); also, engagé: committed to or supportive of a cause (adj.); also, to offer (something, such as one's life or word) as backing to a cause or aim: to expose to risk for the attainment or support of some end (engaged his all in the king's cause)EVADE: to avoid the performance of: dodge, circumvent; especially: to fail to pay (taxes)EVADED: to avoid the performance of: dodge, circumvent; especially: to fail to pay (taxes)EVADING: to avoid the performance of: dodge, circumvent; especially: to fail to pay (taxes)FAIL: to fall short (failed in his duty); to miss performing an expected service or function for (His wit failed him.); to disappoint the expectations or trust of (Her friends failed her.)FAILING: to fall short (failed in his duty); to miss performing an expected service or function for (His wit failed him.); to disappoint the expectations or trust of (Her friends failed her.)FALLBACK: something on which one can fall back: reserve (a fallback career, a fallback position)FUDGE: to avoid commitment: to hedgeFUDGED: to avoid commitment: to hedgeFUDGING: to avoid commitment: to hedgeGAGE: something deposited as a pledge of performanceGAVE: to offer as a pledge (I give you my word)GIVE: to offer as a pledge (I give you my word)GIVEN: to offer as a pledge (I give you my word)GIVING: to offer as a pledge (I give you my word)GOING: present participle of to go, to assume the function or obligation of (promised to go bail for his friend)GONE: past participle of to go, to assume the function or obligation of (promised to go bail for his friend)INDEBTED: owing gratitude or recognition to another: beholdenINFRACT: Not in M-W, but in Collins: rare: to break or violate (a law, pledge, etc.)KEEP: to fulfill: to be faithful toKEEPING: to fulfill: to be faithful toKEPT: past tense and past participle of keep: to fulfill: to be faithful toNEED: necessary duty: obligation (no need to apologize); also, to be under necessity or obligation toOATH: a solemn usually formal calling upon God or a god to witness to the truth of what one says or to witness that one sincerely intends to do what one says; a solemn attestation of the truth or inviolability of one's words; something (such as a promise) corroborated by an oathOBLIGE: to put in one's debt by a favor or service; to do a favor for; to do something as or as if as a favorOBLIGED: to put in one's debt by a favor or service; to do a favor for; to do something as or as if as a favorOBLIGING: to put in one's debt by a favor or service; to do a favor for; to do something as or as if as a favorOFFICE: something done for another: a service; also, something that one ought to do or must do: an assigned or assumed duty, task, or roleOUGHT: a moral obligation; a duty; also, an auxiliary verb used to express obligation (ought to pay our debts), advisability (ought to take care of yourself), natural expectation (ought to be here by now), or logical consequence (the result ought to be infinityOWED: to be under obligation to render (something, such as duty or service) (I owe you a favor.) (A lawyer owes her client legal advice.) to have or bear (an emotion or attitude) to someone or something (owes her an apology)OWING: to be under obligation to render (something, such as duty or service) (I owe you a favor.) (A lawyer owes her client legal advice.) to have or bear (an emotion or attitude) to someone or something (owes her an apology)PACT: a compact, an agreement or covenant between two or more partiesPART: one's share or allotted task (as in an action): a duty (one must do one's part)PAWN: something used as a pledge: guaranty; also, the state of being pledgedPIETY: the quality or state of being pious: such as fidelity to natural obligations (as to parents)PLEDGE: something given as security for the performance of an act; also, a token, sign, or earnest of something else; also, a gage of battle; also, a binding promise or agreement to do or forbear; to bind by a pledge; to promise the performance of by a pledgePLEDGED: something given as security for the performance of an act; also, a token, sign, or earnest of something else; also, a gage of battle; also, a binding promise or agreement to do or forbear; to bind by a pledge; to promise the performance of by a pledgeTAKE: to bind oneself by (take the oath of office); to enter into or undertake the duties of (take a job, take office)TAKEN: to bind oneself by (take the oath of office); to enter into or undertake the duties of (take a job, take office)TOOK: to bind oneself by (take the oath of office); to enter into or undertake the duties of (take a job, take office)TOUR: a period during which an individual or unit is on a specific duty or at one place (a tour of duty)TRAITOR: one who betrays another's trust or is false to an obligation or dutyTROTH: loyal or pledged faithfulness: fidelity; one's pledged word (pledged my troth); also, to pledge, to betrothTRUANCY: an act or instance of playing truant : the state of being truantTRUANT: one who shirks duty, especially: one who stays out of school without permission; also, (adj) shirking responsibility, especially: absent from school without permission; also, being, resembling, or characteristic of a truant; also (verb) to idle away time especially while playing truantTURN: a period or tour of duty: a shiftTURNAROUND: a turnabout: a changing from one allegiance to anotherTURNCOAT: one who switches to an opposing side or party, specifically: a traitor, one who betrays another's trust or is false to an obligation or duty; one who commits treasonUNBIND: not bound: not controlled or influenced (feels unbound by convention)UNBINDING: not bound: not controlled or influenced (feels unbound by convention)UNBOUND: not bound: not controlled or influenced (feels unbound by convention)UNBOUNDED: unrestrained, uncontrolledUNENGAGED: not engaged: not pledged or promisedUNKEPT: not kept (an unkept promise, an unkept garden)UNTRULY: in an untrue manner: not faithful: disloyal (discovered his friends were untrue) (untrue to one's duty)WARRANT: a guarantee, a promise to answer for the payment of a debt or the performance of a duty of another in case of the other's default or miscarriage; a security, something given, deposited, or pledged to make certain the fulfillment of an obligation; to guarantee to be as represented; to guarantee (something, such as goods sold) especially in respect of the quality or quantity specified; to give assurance of the nature of or for the undertaking of: to guarantee; to guarantee security or immunity to: to secure (I'll warrant him from drowning … —William Shakespeare)WARRANTOR: one that warrants or gives a warrantyWENT: past tense of to go, to assume the function or obligation of (promised to go bail for his friend)WORD: promise, declaration (kept their word, I won't go back on my word.)
Societies and Social Behavior behaviors; not social events
ACCEPT: to give admittance or approval to (accept her as one of the group)ACCEPTANCE: the act of accepting something or someone: the fact of being accepted: approval (acceptance of responsibility)ALPHA: a socially dominant person or animal; socially dominant especially in a group of animals (an alpha male)AMENITY: usually amenities: something (such as a conventional social gesture) that promotes smoothness or pleasantness in social relationshipsANARCHIC: a utopian society of individuals who enjoy complete freedom without governmentANARCHICAL: a utopian society of individuals who enjoy complete freedom without governmentANARCHY: a utopian society of individuals who enjoy complete freedom without governmentAWKWARD: lacking social grace and assurance (an awkward newcomer); causing embarrassment (an awkward moment)AWKWARDLY: lacking social grace and assurance (an awkward newcomer); causing embarrassment (an awkward moment)BANDWAGON: a popular party, faction, or cause that attracts growing support, often used in such phrases as “jump on the bandwagon;” a current or fashionable trendBANNED: to bar entry; to keep out, to excludeBANNING: to bar entry; to keep out, to excludeBARBARIC: of, relating to, or characteristic of a group of people who are alien to another land, culture, or people and who are usually believed to be inferior: of, relating to, or characteristic of barbarians; also, possessing or characteristic of a cultural level more complex than primitive culture but less sophisticated than advanced civilizationBARRING: to keep out: exclude —often used with from (women were barred from joining the club.)BELONG: to be a member of a club, organization, or set —usually used with to (she belongs to a country club)BELONGED: to be a member of a club, organization, or set —usually used with to (she belongs to a country club)CALL: a short usually formal visit, or to make a brief visitCALLED: a short usually formal visit, or to make a brief visitCALLING: a short usually formal visit, or to make a brief visitCHIC: (noun) smart elegance and sophistication especially of dress or manner: style; a distinctive mode of dress or manner associated with a fashionable lifestyle, ideology, or pursuit; a faddishly popular quality or appeal; also: something (such as a practice or interest) having such appeal; also, (adjective): cleverly stylish: smart;: currently fashionableCLOUT: pull, influence (e.g., political clout)CLUB: an association of persons for some common object usually jointly supported and meeting periodically; also: a group identified by some common characteristic; also, the meeting place of a club; also, to unite or combine for a common causeCLUBBED: to unite or combine for a common causeCLUBBY: characteristic of a club or club members: such as displaying friendliness especially to other members of the same social group: sociable; also, open only to qualified or approved persons: select, eliteCOLLECTIVE: a collective body: group; also, involving all members of a group as distinct from its individuals (a collective action); marked by similarity among or with the members of a group (the collective interests of the town); collectivized or characterized by collectivism (collective farming, collective communities); shared or assumed by all members of the group (collective responsibility, collective opinion)COLONY: a group of people who settle together in a new place; also: the land or buildings used by such a group; also, a group of individuals or things with common characteristics or interests living in close association (an artist colony; also: the land or buildings used by such a group; also, a group of persons institutionalized away from others (a leper colony, a penal colony); also: the land or buildings used by such a groupCOMMON: of or relating to a community at large: public (the common good); commons plural: the common people; also, characterized by a lack of privilege or special status (common people, a common laborer)CONTACT: association, relationship (neighbors in daily contact); also, a person serving as a go-between, messenger, connection, or source of special information; also, connection, communication (I lost contact with her years ago); also, to get into communication with; to enter or be in contact with: to joinCOOL: informal: fashionable, hip; hipnessCOOPT: M-W hyphenates co-opt, to choose or elect as a member (members co-opted to the committee), or to appoint as a colleague or assistant; to take into a group (such as a faction, movement, or culture): to absorb, to assimilateCOOPTED: M-W hyphenates co-opt, to choose or elect as a member (members co-opted to the committee), or to appoint as a colleague or assistant; to take into a group (such as a faction, movement, or culture): to absorb, to assimilateCOURT: conduct or attention intended to win favor or dispel hostility: homage (pay court to the king); to act so as to invite or provoke (he is courting disaster)COUTH: (noun) polish, refinement; (adj.) sophisticated, polishedCRACK: to break through (something, such as a barrier) so as to gain acceptance or recognitionCULT: great devotion to a person, idea, object, movement, or work; especially: such devotion regarded as a literary or intellectual fad; also, the object of such devotion; also, a usually small group of people characterized by such devotionCULTIC: great devotion to a person, idea, object, movement, or work; especially: such devotion regarded as a literary or intellectual fad; also, the object of such devotion; also, a usually small group of people characterized by such devotionDEBUT: or less commonly début: a formal entrance into society (in honor of their daughter's debut); also, to make a first appearance or a formal entrance into society: to make a debutDEBUTED: or less commonly début: a formal entrance into society (in honor of their daughter's debut); also, to make a first appearance or a formal entrance into society: to make a debutDEVOTEE: an ardent follower, supporter, or enthusiast (as of a religion, art form, or sport)DIGNIFIED: to give undue attention or status to (don’t dignify his rudeness with a response)DIGNIFY: to give undue attention or status to (don’t dignify his rudeness with a response)DIGNIFYING: to give undue attention or status to (don’t dignify his rudeness with a response)DONE: conformable to social convention (not the done thing)DRAG: dated slang: influence securing special favor: pullDROPOUT: one who drops out of conventional society; one who abandons an attempt, activity, or chosen pathECHELON: one of a series of levels or grades in an organization or field of activity (involved employees at every echelon); also, a group of individuals at a particular level or grade in an organization or field of activity (the upper echelons of management); also, any unit or group acting in a disciplined or organized mannerECLAT: M-W has éclat: ostentatious display: publicity; or dazzling effect: brilliance ELECT: elects plural: a select or exclusive group of peopleELITE: a group of persons who by virtue of position or education exercise much power or influence (members of the ruling elite); singular or plural in construction: the choice part: the cream (the elite of the entertainment world); also, of, relating to, serving, or being part of an elite; singular or plural in construction: the socially superior part of societyEMINENT: exhibiting eminence especially in standing above others in some quality or position: prominentEQUAL: like for each member of a group, class, or society (provide equal employment opportunities); regarding or affecting all objects in the same way: impartial; also, to be equal toEQUALED: like for each member of a group, class, or society (provide equal employment opportunities); regarding or affecting all objects in the same way: impartial; also, to be equal toEVEN: equal, fair (an even exchange) ; also, to make even; to become evenEVENED: equal, fair (an even exchange) ; also, to make even; to become evenEVENING: equal, fair (an even exchange) ; also, to make even; to become evenEVENLY: impartially, fairly, justly (evenly courteous to everyone); on an equal basisFACTION: a party or group (as within a government) that is often contentious or self-seeking: a clique; also, party spirit especially when marked by dissensionFUSS: a show of flattering attention; to shower flattering attentions (fussing over the grandchildren)GENTLE: belonging to a family of high social station; honorable, distinguished; specifically: of or relating to a gentleman; also, suited to a person of high social station; or (noun) a person of gentle birth or statusHEGEMON: something (such as a political state or a group of people) having dominant influence or authority over others: one possessing hegemonyHEGEMONY: the social, cultural, ideological, or economic influence exerted by a dominant groupILLUMINATI: elite, a group of persons who by virtue of position or education exercise much power or influence (members of the academic illuminati)IMBROGLIO: a scandal: a circumstance or action that offends propriety or established moral conceptions or disgraces those associated with itINCEPT*: to receive as a memberINDIGENE: native; a member of the first people to inhabit a regionINDUCT: to put in formal possession (as of a benefice or office): install (e.g., was inducted as president of the college); also, to admit as a member (e.g., inducted into a scholastic society)INDUCTED: to put in formal possession (as of a benefice or office): install (e.g., was inducted as president of the college); also, to admit as a member (e.g., inducted into a scholastic society)INDUCTEE: one who is inductedINDUCTION: the act or process of inducting (as into office)INITIATE: to induct into membership by or as if by special rites; also, initiated or properly admitted (as to membership or an office); also, a person who is undergoing or has undergone an initiationINITIATING: to induct into membership by or as if by special rites; also, initiated or properly admitted (as to membership or an office); also, a person who is undergoing or has undergone an initiationINITIATION: the act or an instance of initiating; the rites, ceremonies, ordeals, or instructions with which one is made a member of a sect or society or is invested with a particular function or statusLEVELER: one favoring the removal of political, social, or economic inequalities; also, something that tends to reduce or eliminate differences among individualsLIMELIGHT: the center of public attention; also, to center attention on: to spotlightLITTLE: having few members or inhabitants (a little group, little towns)LOOP: a select well-informed inner circle that is influential in decision making (out of the policy loop)MARGIN: an area, state, or condition excluded from or existing outside the mainstream (the margins of critical discourse; society's margins)MEDDLE: to interest oneself in what is not one's concern: to interfere without right or proprietyMEDDLED: to interest oneself in what is not one's concern: to interfere without right or proprietyMEDDLING: to interest oneself in what is not one's concern: to interfere without right or proprietyMEET: to come into the presence of for the first time: to be introduced to or become acquainted with; to become acquainted with; also, (noun) an instance of coming together at a particular time or place especially for the first timeMEETING: to come into the presence of for the first time: to be introduced to or become acquainted with; to become acquainted with; also, (noun) an instance of coming together at a particular time or place especially for the first timeMILIEU: the physical or social setting in which something occurs or develops: environmentMOBILE: migratory (a mobile society of nomadic herders) [people, not animals]; also, characterized by the mixing of social groups (the general confusion in moral standards which characterizes mobile societies); also, having the opportunity for or undergoing a shift in status within the levels of a society (socially mobile workers)MOBILITY: the ability to change one's social or socioeconomic position in a community and especially to improve itMOIETY: one of two basic complementary tribal subdivisionsMUCK: to interfere, meddle —usually used with about or aroundNICHE: a place, employment, status, or activity for which a person or thing is best fitted (finally found her niche); also, to place in or as if in a nicheNORM: a principle of right action binding upon the members of a group and serving to guide, control, or regulate proper and acceptable behavior (social norms); also, a widespread or usual practice, procedure, or custom; also, a pattern or trait taken to be typical in the behavior of a social group; also, an average: such as a set standard of development or achievement usually derived from the average or median achievement of a large groupORBIT: a range or sphere of activity or influenceOVER: no longer current, popular, or fashionablePAID: past tense and past participle of pay: to give, offer, or make freely or as fitting [to another person or persons] (pay attention, pay your respects, pay tribute)PARIAH: someone or something that is despised or rejected: an outcast, one that is cast out or refused acceptance (as by society)PATRICIAN: a person of breeding and cultivation; associated with or characteristic of people of high social rankPEACE: harmony in personal relationsPEOPLE: a body of persons that are united by a common culture, tradition, or sense of kinship, that typically have common language, institutions, and beliefs, and that often constitute a politically organized groupPLACE: position in a social scale (kept them in their place)PLACE: prestige accorded to one of high rank: statusPLEB: (noun) short for plebeian, one of the common peoplePLEBE: probably short for plebeian, one of the common peoplePLEBEIAN: one of the common peoplePLURAL: relating to, consisting of, or containing more than one or more than one kind or classPUBLIC: of or relating to business or community interests as opposed to private affairs: socialPUBLIC: well-known, prominent (a public figure)PUBLICLY: of or relating to business or community interests as opposed to private affairs: socialPULL: advantage; also, a force that attracts, compels, or influences: attraction; also, to demand or obtain an advantage over someone by the assertion of (pull rank)RAID: a brief foray outside one's usual sphereRANG: to be filled with talk or report (the whole land is ringing with her fame); to have great renownRANK: a degree or position of dignity, eminence, or excellence: distinction; also, high social position (the privileges of rank); to take precedence of; also, relative standing or position; also, to determine the relative position of: to rateRANKING: (adj.) position, order, or standing within a group: rank (what’s your ranking in the new organization?); also, high social position (the privileges of rank); to take precedence of; also, relative standing or position; also, to determine the relative position of: to rateRAPPORT: a friendly, harmonious relationship characterized especially by agreement, mutual understanding, or empathy that makes communication possible or easyRAWLY: raw: marked by absence of refinements (“a raw country girl” —Eliot)RIGHT: socially acceptable (knew all the right people)RITUAL: done in accordance with social custom or normal protocol (ritual handshakes, ritual background checks)ROUT: a crowd of people, specifically: rabble, ordinary or common people lacking wealth, power, or social statusROYALTY: an elite classRUNG: to be filled with talk or report (the whole land is ringing with her fame); to have great renownTAKE: to invite and accompany (someone) (She took me to the movies.) (He took her on a date.) (They took the kids to the movies.) —often used with out (He took her out to dinner.)TAKEN: to invite and accompany (someone) (She took me to the movies.) (He took her on a date.) (They took the kids to the movies.) —often used with out (He took her out to dinner.)TAPPED: to elect to membership (as in a fraternity)TAPPING: to elect to membership (as in a fraternity)THING: the proper or fashionable way of behaving, talking, or dressing —used with the (it’s not the thing to be late)TONY: marked by an aristocratic or high-toned manner or styleTOOK: to invite and accompany (someone) (She took me to the movies.) (He took her on a date.) (They took the kids to the movies.) —often used with out (He took her out to dinner.)TOUCH: the state or fact of being in contact or communication (will get in touch with you tomorrow, lost touch with her cousin); also, to be in contactTOUCHED: the state or fact of being in contact or communication (will get in touch with you tomorrow, lost touch with her cousin); also, to be in contactTRAIN: the retinue or suite of a person of rank or consequence: followingTRIM: to maintain neutrality between opposing parties or to favor each equallyTRIMMING: to maintain neutrality between opposing parties or to favor each equallyTROPHY: one that is prized for qualities that enhance prestige or social status —usually used attributively (a trophy house)TURN: to change one's attitude or reverse one's course of action to one of opposition or hostility (felt the world had turned against him); to go over to another side or party: to defect; to cause to defect to another side; to make antagonistic: to prejudice (a feud that turned them against one another) (turn a child against its mother)UNACCEPTANCE: lack of acceptance, the act of accepting something or someone: the fact of being accepted: approval (acceptance of responsibility)UNCHIC*: not stylish or fashionable: not chicUNCOOL: failing to accord with the values or styles (as of dress or behavior) of a particular group: not accepted or admired as cool or proper (driving an uncool car, an uncool remarkUNCOUTH: awkward and socially unacceptable in appearance, manner, or behavior: rude; lacking in polish and graceUNEQUAL: badly balanced or matched (an unequal contest); contracted between unequals (an unequal treaty); not like or not the same for each member of a group or class (unequal chances for success) ; also, (noun) one that is not equal to anotherUNEVEN: unequal: badly balanced or matched (an uneven confrontation)UNEVENLY: unequal: badly balanced or matched (an uneven confrontation)UNEVOLVED: not evolved: such as lacking cultural refinement: unenlightenedUNHIP: informal: not hip: uncool (unhip, dated fashions)UNITARIAN: an advocate of unity or a unitary system [words associated with Unitarianism, the Christian sect, are always capitalized]UNITY: a condition of harmony: accord: agreement, conformity (political unity, living in unity)UNMET: not having met (several unmet individuals)UPPITY: somewhat old-fashioned: putting on or marked by airs of superiority: arrogant, presumptuous; also, somewhat old-fashioned, disparaging + sometimes offensive; see usage paragraph below: aspiring to a rank or position higher than one deserves or is entitled to; probably from up + -ity (as in persnickity, variant of persnickety)VENEER: a superficial or deceptively attractive appearance, display, or effect: facade, gloss (a veneer of tolerance); also, to cover over with a veneer, especially: to conceal (something, such as a defect of character) under a superficial and deceptive attractivenessVOTARY: a devotee, an ardent follower, supporter, or enthusiast (as of a religion, art form, or sport); a devoted admirer; a staunch believer or advocateVULGAR: generally current: public (the vulgar opinion of that time)VULGARLY: generally current: public (the vulgar opinion of that time)WARN: to order to go or stay away —often used with offWARNING: to order to go or stay away —often used with offWEIGHT: measurable influence especially on others (throwing his weight behind the proposal)WIND: to entangle, to involve; to introduce sinuously or stealthily: insinuateWINDING: to entangle, to involve; to introduce sinuously or stealthily: insinuateWING: either of two opposing groups within an organization or society: a factionWITHDRAW: to remove from consideration or set outside a group (withdrew his name from the list of nominees, withdrew their child from the school)WOOED: to solicit or entreat especially with importunity (woo new customers)WOOING: to solicit or entreat especially with importunity (woo new customers)WORK: to greet and talk with in a friendly way in order to ingratiate oneself or achieve a purpose (worked the room, politicians working the crowd); to exert an influence or tendency; to make use of: to exploit (worked their charm and looks to get their way)WORKING: to greet and talk with in a friendly way in order to ingratiate oneself or achieve a purpose (worked the room, politicians working the crowd); to exert an influence or tendency; to make use of: to exploit (worked their charm and looks to get their way)WORLD: human society (withdraw from the world)WORM: to insinuate or introduce (oneself) by devious or subtle meansWOUND: to entangle, to involve; to introduce sinuously or stealthily: insinuate
Unkindness and Cruelty general, not physical
ARROW: a painful or damaging experience or occurrence that is likened to being shot with an arrow (e.g., slings and arrows…)BARBARITY: barbarism; barbarous cruelty: inhumanity; an act or instance of such crueltyBAYED: to bring to the position of one unable to retreat and forced to face danger: to bring to bay; to pursue with barkingBAYING: to bring to the position of one unable to retreat and forced to face danger: to bring to bay; to pursue with barkingBLUFF: to deter or frighten by pretense or a mere show of strength (bluffed them into surrendering); an act or instance of bluffing; also, the practice of bluffing; also, one who bluffsBLUFFED: to deter or frighten by pretense or a mere show of strength (bluffed them into surrendering); an act or instance of bluffing; also, the practice of bluffing; also, one who bluffsBLUFFS: to deter or frighten by pretense or a mere show of strength (bluffed them into surrendering); an act or instance of bluffing; also, the practice of bluffing; also, one who bluffsBULLY: to treat (someone) in a cruel, insulting, threatening, or aggressive fashion to act like a bully toward; to cause (someone) to do something by means of force or coercionBULLYRAG*: to intimidate by bullyingBURN: to subject to misfortune, mistreatment, or deception —often used in passive (has been burned in love)BURNING: to subject to misfortune, mistreatment, or deception —often used in passive (has been burned in love)BURNT: to subject to misfortune, mistreatment, or deception —often used in passive (has been burned in love)CATTILY: like a cat, or slyly spiteful: maliciousCATTY: like a cat, or slyly spiteful: maliciousDOGGED: to be a persistent source of difficulty or distress to (someone): to plague; to bother or pester (someone) persistently: to houndDOGGING: to be a persistent source of difficulty or distress to (someone): to plague; to bother or pester (someone) persistently: to houndGRIND: to oppress, harass (grind down)GRINDING: to oppress, harass (grind down)GROUND: to oppress, harass (grind down)HARM: physical or mental damage: injury: mischief, hurtHARROW: to torment or vexHARRY: to torment by or as if by constant attackHAUNT: to have a disquieting or harmful effect on: to trouble or disturbHAUNTED: to have a disquieting or harmful effect on: to trouble or disturbHOUND: to drive or affect by persistent harassingINFLICT: to give by or as if by striking; to cause (something unpleasant) to be enduredINFLICTION: the act of inflicting; something (such as punishment or suffering) that is inflictedJACK: to treat or confront (someone) in a harassing, rough, or overly aggressive and typically unwarranted manner: to jack upLURK: to lie in wait in a place of concealment especially for an evil purpose; to be concealed but capable of being discovered, specifically: to constitute a latent threat; to move furtively or inconspicuously; to lie hidden; also, to persist in stayingLURKING: to lie in wait in a place of concealment especially for an evil purpose; to be concealed but capable of being discovered, specifically: to constitute a latent threat; to move furtively or inconspicuously; to lie hidden; also, to persist in stayingMENACE: one that represents a threat: a danger; also, a show of intention to inflict harm: a threat; also, to make a show of intention to harm; to represent or pose a threat to: endanger; to act in a threatening mannerMENACING: one that represents a threat: a danger; also, a show of intention to inflict harm: a threat; also, to make a show of intention to harm; to represent or pose a threat to: endanger; to act in a threatening mannerOFFEND: to cause pain to: hurt (tasteless billboards that offend the eye); to cause (a person or group) to feel hurt, angry, or upset by something said or done (was offended by their language); to cause difficulty, discomfort, or injuryOFFENDED: to cause pain to: hurt (tasteless billboards that offend the eye); to cause (a person or group) to feel hurt, angry, or upset by something said or done (was offended by their language); to cause difficulty, discomfort, or injuryOFFENDING: to cause pain to: hurt (tasteless billboards that offend the eye); to cause (a person or group) to feel hurt, angry, or upset by something said or done (was offended by their language); to cause difficulty, discomfort, or injuryPALTRY: mean, despicable (a paltry trick)PINCH: to cause physical or mental pain toPINCHING: to cause physical or mental pain toRAGGING: to rag, to torment, teaseRAGING: causing great pain or distressRIDING: to harass persistently: to nag (His parents were riding him to get a job.)RIGOR: an act or instance of strictness, severity, or crueltyTANTALIZATION: the act or process of tantalizing, possessing a quality that arouses or stimulates desire or interest; also, mockingly or teasingly out of reach; also, to tease or torment by or as if by presenting something desirable to the view but continually keeping it out of reach; also, to cause one to be tantalized; from Tantalus: a legendary king of Lydia condemned to stand up to the chin in a pool of water in Hades and beneath fruit-laden boughs only to have the water or fruit recede at each attempt to drink or eatTANTALIZE: to tease or torment by or as if by presenting something desirable to the view but continually keeping it out of reach; also, to cause one to be tantalized; from Tantalus: a legendary king of Lydia condemned to stand up to the chin in a pool of water in Hades and beneath fruit-laden boughs only to have the water or fruit recede at each attempt to drink or eatTANTALIZING: possessing a quality that arouses or stimulates desire or interest; also, mockingly or teasingly out of reach; also, to tease or torment by or as if by presenting something desirable to the view but continually keeping it out of reach; also, to cause one to be tantalized; from Tantalus: a legendary king of Lydia condemned to stand up to the chin in a pool of water in Hades and beneath fruit-laden boughs only to have the water or fruit recede at each attempt to drink or eatTOUCH: to hurt the feelings of: to woundTOUCHED: to hurt the feelings of: to woundTYRANNY: an oppressive, harsh, or unjust act: a tyrannical act (The tyrannies of slavery)VICTIM: one that is acted on and usually adversely affected by a force or agent (the schools are victims of the social system); one that is injured, destroyed, or sacrificed under any of various conditions (a victim of cancer, a victim of the auto crash, a murder victim); one that is subjected to oppression, hardship, or mistreatment (a frequent victim of political attacks)VICTIMIZE: to make a victim: one that is acted on and usually adversely affected by a force or agent (the schools are victims of the social system); one that is injured, destroyed, or sacrificed under any of various conditions (a victim of cancer, a victim of the auto crash, a murder victim); one that is subjected to oppression, hardship, or mistreatment (a frequent victim of political attacks)WORK: works plural: subjection to drastic treatment: all possible abuse —usually used with get or give (he really gave them the works)WOUND: something resembling a wound in appearance or effect, especially: a rift in or blow to a political body or social group; also, to cause a wound to or in; to inflict a woundWRONG: an injurious, unfair, or unjust act: an action or conduct inflicting harm without due provocation or just cause; the state, position, or fact of being or doing wrong; also, to do wrong to: to injure, to harm; to treat disrespectfully or dishonorably: to violate WRONGDOING: evil or improper behavior or action (cleared of any wrongdoing); also, an instance of doing wrongWRONGING: an injurious, unfair, or unjust act: an action or conduct inflicting harm without due provocation or just cause; the state, position, or fact of being or doing wrong; also, to do wrong to: to injure, to harm; to treat disrespectfully or dishonorably: to violate
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Spelling Bee Words Related to PEOPLE: ENGAGEMENT AND INTERACTION
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